Download European Colonization of South America Guided Notes Spanish

European Colonization of South America
Guided Notes
Spanish Colonies
• ________________, first Spanish Colony established by Columbus in 1493.
• Located in present day ______________________
• Colony of Santo Domingo founded in 1496.
• By 1508, 10,000 Spaniards were living there.
1510, Spanish conquistador, ________________________ founded first European settlement on the
mainland of the Americas in present day Panama.
• The colony, called Santa María la Antigua del Darién, lasted only until 1524 when it was burned
by Indians.
• 1511, Spanish establish a colony on the island of ________________.
The Spanish massacre thousands of local people while conquering the island.
In 1493, the Pope issued orders for the Spanish to convert all the pagans of the New World to
____________________. To convert them, many were ________________________.
This was the start of the very cruel treatment of the native Americans by the Spanish.
The Spanish Arrive in Mexico
• April 21, 1519, 11 Spanish ships arrive off the coast of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, having set
sail from the Spanish colony in Cuba
• The force of 550 soldiers and 16 horses, (the first ever in North America) is under the command
of____________________.
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Born in 1485 in Spain, Cortes was a university law student, when he dropped out in 1504 and
moved to Santo Domingo to seek his fortune in the new world as a ____________________
______________________ were Spanish soldiers and explorers who came to the new world to
seek glory and wealth.
1511 – Participated in the Spanish conquest of Cuba, where he became known for his bravery
and daring.
The Campaign Against the Aztec
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The lavish gifts of the Aztec king, ______________________, and his warnings to Cortes to stay
away, only fueled the Spanish desire to conquer the city.
• Upon arrival in the city, the Spanish were impressed with the grandeur and riches of the Aztec
capital, but horrified by the _____________________________________ of the Aztecs.
• Cortes immediately decided to put a stop to the____________
______________________________and end the reign of a tyrant.
During 1520 and 1521 Cortes and his army fought against the Aztec, totally defeating them.
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The Spanish had a much smaller force, so why did they win?
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____________________ steel weapons, guns, artillery, horses, steel armor.
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____________________The Aztecs were so hated, it was easy for the Spanish to recruit the help
of other Indians.
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____________________European diseases, particularly small pox, devastated the Aztec
population
Conquest of the Inca
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Following the example of Cortes, Spanish conquistador ___________________ led an expedition
to conquer the powerful Inca Empire in South America.
1530-1532 Pizarro’s expedition fought along the frontier of the Incan Empire.
1532- Pizarro and a force of about 180 men captured the Inca Emperor, Atahualpa
Hoping the Spanish will go away, Atahualpa offers Pizarro a room full of gold, if they will leave. Pizarro
agreed, but instead had Atahualpa ___________________.
By 1541, the Spanish have a vast empire stretching from present day California and Florida, to Chile.
Life in the Spanish Colonies
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Spanish Class System
___________________ – Born in Spain. Held High Positions
Criollos – Spaniards born in the colonies. Often wealthy, they could not hold government offices.
___________________ – People of Spanish and Indian heritage. They were poor and without
power.
Africans and Indians – these people were at the bottom and held no power. They were usually
slaves.
The Encomienda System
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The Encomienda System was an economic system set up by the Spanish to make Spain wealthy
off its colonies.
Indians did all the work, like mining, farming, and ranching for Spanish landlords.
Indians were poor, starving, and essentially slaves.
Spanish grew extremely rich on the gold, silver, coffee, sugar cane, and other crops the Indians
grew for them.
Thousands of Indians died from starvation, murder, and disease
Spanish began to import Africans as slaves to do much of the work for them.
Pedro Alvares Cabral
In 1500, _________________ Sea Captain, Pedro Alvares Cabral is leading a 13 ship fleet to India from
Portugal, when he goes off course, and discovers a new land he calls, _________________________.
BRAZIL
Brazil would become the largest and most important colony in South America.
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The first permanent settlement was set up by the Portuguese in 1532.
The city of Sao Salvador was established in 1549.
The ___________________industry soon became increasing important, which led to the
importation of millions of _______________________ from Africa.
Slavery In Brazil
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More slaves were sent to Brazil than to any other colony in South or North America.
In Brazil, slave had many more rights than in North America.
Slaves could marry.
Slaves had to be baptized.
Slave families could not be broken up for sale.
Slaves had many days on which they could either rest or earn money to buy their freedom.
The Government encouraged the granting of freedom of slaves.
The Portuguese accepted the African slaves as humans, not as chattel, or property.
“ In short: the Brazilian slave knew he was a man, and that he differed in degree, not in kind,
from his master”
REVOLUTIONS and INDEPENDENCE
Inspired by the success of the American and French Revolutions of the late 18th century,
between 1810 and 1826 almost all the Spanish colonies in South America revolted against
Spanish rule and became independent.
____________________a Venezuelan General and __________________________, an
Argentine general led the independence revolutions to free the South American colonies from
Spain.
Brazilians declared independence from Portugal in 1822, and Dom Pedro I, the son of the
Portuguese king was declared emperor.
Reflection:
“ In short: the Brazilian slave knew he was a man, and that he differed in degree, not in kind,
from his master”
Read the above quote. Explain what you think that quote means. How might that attitude of
and about Brazilian slaves make a difference in Brazilian culture today?