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Chap. 28 2011 beginning battle of marathon.notebook October 10, 2011 The Persian Wars 499-479 B.C.E. Chapter 28 Persian Empire GREECE 1 Chap. 28 2011 beginning battle of marathon.notebook October 10, 2011 Persians: Small tribe in present-day Iran Built LARGE empire by conquering neighbors! The Persian Empire A. Persians start out as a tribe of nomads (people who have no permanent home and travel) B. They build a large empire by conquering their neighbors 1. They are skilled archers (bows and arrows) 2. Unleash a storm of arrows that surprise their enemies 3. Often before their enemies get close enough to use their lances or spears. C. Persia extended from Egypt to the Indus River (present day Pakistan) 2 Chap. 28 2011 beginning battle of marathon.notebook October 10, 2011 Persian Emprire: Powerful Kings King Darius A. Divided the Empire into 20 provinces. 1. Appointed officials to rule over these provinces and collect taxes. 2. But the people could keep their own customs. Ionian Revolt a ni Io 499 BCE Greek-Persian wars begin . . . 3 Chap. 28 2011 beginning battle of marathon.notebook October 10, 2011 Ionia a ni Io A. 546 BCE Persians conquer wealthy Greek settlements in Ionia 1. Persians take farmland, harbors. 2. Force the Persians to pay tributes (payment of goods) 3. Ionians have to serve in the Persian Army. B. 499 BCE Ionia asked mainland Greece for help 1. Know they can't defeat the Persians alone 2. Athens sent soldiers/shipssuccessful then left 3. Ionian army had to fight alonewere defeated C. 493 BCE Persians decide to punish Ionians for rebelling (destroy the city of Miletus) E nia o r I e qu on E c ns E sia er 546 P 493 E de a ni Io E ed at fe E . E -0- Impact of Ionian Revolt A. Darius becomes determined to defeat the mainland Greek CityStates B. Beginning of the Persian Wars. 200 CE 4 Chap. 28 2011 beginning battle of marathon.notebook October 10, 2011 Battle of Marathon Battle of Marathon E Ionia defeated E E 493 490 E E E E -0- 490 BCE King Darius sends army to Marathon 200 CE 5 Chap. 28 2011 beginning battle of marathon.notebook October 10, 2011 Battle of Marathon 490 BCE A. Darius sends messangers to Greece to ask for presents of earth and water. 1. This would be a sign that the Greeks accept Persian rule. 2. Greeks throw the Persians into wells and Pits. B. King Darius angry 1. Sent large army of foot soldiers (15,000) and cavalry across Aegean Sea by boat 2. They assemble on the plain of Marathon (near Athens) C. Athenian General Malitiades (Brilliant) realizes the Greeks need to fight the Persians at Marathon (not let them get to Athens) 1. Sends a runner to Sparta to ask for help (runs for two days and two nights) 2. The Spartans are celebrating a religious festival and cannot leave. 3. Athenians have to face the Persians alone 6 Chap. 28 2011 beginning battle of marathon.notebook October 10, 2011 D. Assembles an army of 11,000 soldiers still outnumbered by Persians. E. Athenians WIN (why? How?) 1. Better weapons (spears, swords, armor). 2. Military strategy. a. for several days both sides face each other across a narrow valley. b. When Miltiades finally orders an attack, he orders the center and the left and right flank to advance as well. c. As the Persians advance their center to meet the Athenians, the Athenian left and right advance as well and are able to attack the Persians on Three sides. Persians went running for ships! -Greeks: Quickly march back to Athens to defend city Battle of Marathon Part 2 Part 3 Persian Deaths: 6,400 Greek Deaths: 192 7