Download Chap. 28 2011 beginning - battle of marathon.notebook

Chap. 28 2011 beginning ­ battle of marathon.notebook
October 10, 2011
The Persian Wars
499-479 B.C.E.
Chapter 28
Persian Empire
GREECE
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Chap. 28 2011 beginning ­ battle of marathon.notebook
October 10, 2011
Persians: Small tribe in present-day Iran
Built LARGE empire by conquering neighbors!
The Persian Empire
A. Persians start out as a tribe of nomads (people who
have no permanent home and travel)
B. They build a large empire by conquering their
neighbors
1. They are skilled archers (bows and arrows)
2. Unleash a storm of arrows that surprise their enemies
3. Often before their enemies get close enough to use
their lances or spears.
C. Persia extended from Egypt to the Indus River (present
day Pakistan)
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Chap. 28 2011 beginning ­ battle of marathon.notebook
October 10, 2011
Persian Emprire: Powerful Kings
King Darius
A. Divided the Empire into 20
provinces.
1. Appointed officials to
rule over these provinces
and collect taxes.
2. But the people could
keep their own customs.
Ionian Revolt
a
ni
Io
499 BCE Greek-Persian wars begin . . .
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Chap. 28 2011 beginning ­ battle of marathon.notebook
October 10, 2011
Ionia
a
ni
Io
A. 546 BCE Persians
conquer wealthy Greek
settlements in Ionia
1. Persians take farmland,
harbors.
2. Force the Persians to
pay tributes (payment of
goods)
3. Ionians have to serve in
the Persian Army.
B. 499 BCE Ionia asked mainland Greece for help
1. Know they can't defeat the Persians alone
2. Athens sent soldiers/ships­­successful then left
3. Ionian army had to fight alone­­were defeated
C. 493 BCE Persians decide to punish Ionians for
rebelling (destroy the city of Miletus)
E
nia
o
r I
e
qu
on
E
c
ns
E
sia
er
546
P
493
E
de
a ni
Io
E
ed
at
fe
E
.
E
-0-
Impact of Ionian Revolt
A. Darius becomes determined to defeat the
mainland Greek City­States
B. Beginning of the Persian Wars.
200 CE
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Chap. 28 2011 beginning ­ battle of marathon.notebook
October 10, 2011
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Marathon
E
Ionia
defeated
E
E
493
490
E
E
E
E
-0-
490 BCE King Darius
sends army to
Marathon
200 CE
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Chap. 28 2011 beginning ­ battle of marathon.notebook
October 10, 2011
Battle of Marathon
490 BCE
A. Darius sends messangers to
Greece to ask for presents of earth
and water.
1. This would be a sign that the
Greeks accept Persian rule.
2. Greeks throw the Persians
into wells and Pits.
B. King Darius ­ angry ­
1. Sent large army of foot soldiers (15,000) and cavalry
across Aegean Sea by boat
2. They assemble on the plain of Marathon (near
Athens)
C. Athenian General Malitiades (Brilliant)
realizes the Greeks need to fight the
Persians at Marathon (not let them get to
Athens)
1. Sends a runner to Sparta to ask for
help (runs for two days and two nights)
2. The Spartans are celebrating a
religious festival and cannot leave.
3. Athenians have to face the Persians
alone
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Chap. 28 2011 beginning ­ battle of marathon.notebook
October 10, 2011
D. Assembles an army of 11,000 soldiers ­­ still
outnumbered by Persians.
E. Athenians WIN (why?
How?)
1. Better weapons
(spears, swords, armor).
2. Military strategy.
a. for several
days both sides face
each other across a
narrow valley.
b. When Miltiades finally orders an attack, he
orders the center and the left and right flank to
advance as well.
c. As the Persians advance their center to meet
the Athenians, the Athenian left and right advance as
well and are able to attack the Persians on Three
sides.
Persians went running for ships!
-Greeks: Quickly march back to Athens to defend city
Battle of Marathon
Part 2
Part 3
Persian Deaths: 6,400
Greek Deaths: 192
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