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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
IC APPLICATIONS LAB
III B.Tech- I Semester
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
Devineni Venkata Ramana & Dr. Hima Sekhar
MIC College of Technology
2014-2015
DVR & Dr.HS MIC College of Technology
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
INDEX
S. No.
Date
Name Of the Experiment
1
Study of OP AMPs – IC 741, IC 555, IC 565, IC 566, IC
1496 – functioning, parameters and Specifications
2
OP AMP Applications – Adder, Subtractor, Comparator
Circuits
3
Integrator and Differentiator Circuits using IC 741
4
Active Filter Applications – LPF, HPF (first order)
5
Active Filter Applications – BPF, Band Reject
(Wideband) and Notch Filters.
6
IC 741 Oscillator Circuits – Phase Shift and Wien Bridge
Oscillators.
7
Function Generator using OP AMPs.
8
IC 555 Timer – Monostable Operation Circuit.
9
IC 555 Timer – Astable Operation Circuit.
10
Schmitt Trigger Circuits – using IC 741 and IC 555.
11
IC 565 – PLL Applications.
12
IC 566 – VCO Applications.
13
Voltage Regulator using IC 723.
14
Three Terminal Voltage Regulators – 7805, 7809, 7912.
15
4 bit DAC using OP AMP
Signature
DVR & Dr.HS MIC College of Technology
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
LAB CODE

Students should report to the lab as per the time table schedule.

Students who turn up late to the labs will in no case be permitted to perform the
experiment scheduled for the day.

After completion of the experiment, certification of the concerned staff incharge in the
observation book is necessary.

Students should bring observation book and should enter the readings/observations into
the note book while performing the experiment.

The record of observations along with the detailed experimental procedure of the
experiment performed in the immediate last session should be submitted and certified by
the staff member in-charge

The group-wise division made in the beginning should be adhered to, and no mix up of
student among different groups will be permitted later.

The components required pertaining to the experiment should be collected from stores incharge after duly filling in the requisition form.

When the experiment is completed, students should disconnect the setup made by them,
and should return all the components/instruments taken for the purpose .Any damage of
the equipment or burn-out of components will be viewed seriously by putting penalty.

Students should be present in the labs for the total scheduled duration.

Students are required to prepare thoroughly to perform the experiment coming to
Laboratory. Procedure sheets/data sheets provided to the students’ groups should be
maintained neatly and to be returned after the experiment.
DVR & Dr.HS MIC College of Technology
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
EXP:1
DATE:
Study of OP AMPs – IC 741, IC 555, IC 565, IC 566, IC 1496
functioning, parameters and Specifications
AIM: To study
- IC 741 , IC 555, IC 565, IC 566, IC 1496 - functioning , parameters and
specifications
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
COMPONENTS:
1. IC --- 741,555,565, 566 and 1496-1 no. each
EQUIPMENTS:
1. Breadboard.
PRINCIPLE:
The op amp is an universal analog IC because it performs all analog tasks. It can
function as a line driver, comparator, amplifier, level shifter, oscillator, filter, signal
conditioner, actuator driver, current source, voltage source, and many other applications. IC–
741 is a popular op-amp and it is available in 8-pin DIP package. Fig 1 shows the Symbol
and pin configuration details of 741 IC Op- Amp.
Fig 1. IC-741 OP-AMP PIN DETAILS AND SYMBOL
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
DATA SHEET FOR IC –µA741
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Supply Voltage
Differential Input Voltage
Input Off Set Voltage
Input Offset Current
Input Bias Current
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
Power Dissipation
Input Impedance
Band Width
+22 V
+30 V
20 mV MAX.
30 nA
80 nA
50 V/V
80-150 MW
2 MΩ
1.5 MHZ
OP Amp Power supply connections, characteristics measurement setup are shown below fig2.
Basic ideal op amp parameters
OP Amp as Inverting Amplifier circuit as shown below fig 3.
fig 3.
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
IC 555
The IC 555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. It is a
timer and it can be used to construct timing circuits in two modes such as an Astable and
Monostable multivibrators. Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting. In
the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and
capacitor. For astable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and duty cycle are
accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be
triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to
200mA. It is available as an 8- pin mini DIP-package as shown in fig4.
Features
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Operations on +5 to +18 V supply voltage.
Adjustable duty cycle.
Timing from microseconds through hours.
High current output.
Capacity to source or sink current of 200 mA.
6. Reliable, easy to use, and low cost.
Applications
1. Precision timing
2. Pulse generation
3. Sequential timing
4. Time delay generation
5. Pulse width modulation
6. Pulse position modulation
7. Linear ramp generator
Fig 6. PIN OUT DIAGRAM OF IC 555 TIMER
Fig4. IC 555 Pin Diagram.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Electrical Characteristics- DATA SHEET FOR IC 555
Trigger Voltage Range
+ 5 V to +15 V
Operating Voltage Range
+ 4.5 V to +16 V
Supply Current
3 mA to 15mA.
Trigger Current
0.5 µA to 0.9 µA.
Output Low
200 mV +15 Supply
Rise Time of Output
100 n Sec.
Fall Time of Output
100 n Sec.
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
IC –565
The LM565 is general purpose phase locked loop IC containing a stable, highly linear
voltage controlled oscillator for low distortion FM demodulation, and a double balanced
phase detector with good carrier suppression. The VCO frequency is set with an external
resistor and capacitor, and a tuning range of 10:1 can be obtained with the same capacitor.
The characteristics of the closed loop system bandwidth, response speed, capture and pull in
Range may be adjusted over a wide range with an external resistor and capacitor. The loop
may be broken between the VCO and the phase detector for insertion of a digital frequency
divider to obtain frequency multiplication. IC – 565 is a Monolithic Phase Locked Loop available
in 14-pin DIP package and its pin out diagram is shown in fig 5. The data sheet for IC-565 is shown in
table.
Fig 5. PIN OUT DIAGRAM OF IC 565
DATA SHEET FOR IC 565
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Operating Frequency Range
Operating Voltage Range
Input Level
Input Impedance
Triangular Wave Amplitude
Square Wave Amplitude
Band Width Adjustment Range
Features
Power supply range of + 5 to + 12 volts
Linear triangle wave with in phase zero
crossings available
TTL and DTL compatible phase detector
input and square wave output
Output Voltage 3V
Output Impedance 5kΩ
Output Offset Voltage 100mV
0.001 Hz to 500 k Hz
6 V to 12 V
10 mv rms to min TO 3 V PP max.
10 KΩ
2.4 V PP at 6 v Supply
5.4 V PP at 6 v Supply
< 1 TO > 60%
Applications
Data and tape synchronization
Modems
FSK demodulation
FM demodulation
Frequency synthesizer
Tone decoding
Frequency multiplication and division
Telemetry receivers
Signal regeneration
Coherent demodulators
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
IC – LM1496
The LM1496 is a balanced modulator-demodulator. which produce an output voltage
proportional to the product of an input (signal) voltage and a switching (carrier) signal.
Typical applications are suppressed carrier modulation, amplitude modulation, synchronous
detection, FM or PM detection, broadband frequency doubling and chopping. IC – 1496 is
available in 14-pin DIP package and its pin out diagram is shown in fig 6







DATA SHEET FOR IC LM1496
Internal Power Dissipation (Note 1) 500 mW
Applied Voltage (Note 2) 30V
Differential Input Signal (V7 b V8) g5.0V
Differential Input Signal (V4 b V1)
g(5aI5R0)V
Input Signal (V2 b V1, V3bV4) 5.0V
Bias Current (I5) 12 mA
Operating Temperature Range 00C to a700C
FEATURES
 Excellent carrier suppression 65 dB typical at
0.5 MHz
 Adjustable gain and signal handling
 Fully balanced inputs and outputs
 Low offset and drift
 Wide frequency response up to 100 MHz
Fig 6. LM1496 Pin Diagram
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Switch on the power supply only when the circuit is correctly connected.
2. Ensure power supply voltage before applying it to the main device.
3. Don’t exceed the limits of the ratings of the devices Always use a straight lead
probe to insert into the breadboard.
4. Apply proper grounding for IC’s.
5. Check the starting pin number for each IC indicated with a dot as starting pin.
6. Use IC remover to remove IC from breadboard to avoid damage of pins of IC.
7. Don’t touch the pins of IC’s while power on.
8. Don’t bend the pins of IC’s.
9. Insert the components into the breadboard firmly.
10. Loose contact may result in error at output.
RESULT:
Functioning , parameters and specifications of linear Integrated circuits such as - IC 741,
IC 555, IC 565 and LM1496 are studied.
Signature of Staff Member
DVR & Dr.HS MIC College of Technology
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
EXP:2
DATE:
OP AMP APPLICATIONS – ADDER, SUBTRACTOR AND
COMPARATOR CIRCUITS
AIM:
To construct the Adder, Subtractor and Comparator circuits using IC 741.
APPARATUS:
Components:
1. IC 741 Op-Amp,
2. Resistor
--- 1KΩ - 4
3. Resistors
--- 1 KΩ.
Equipment:
1. CRO,
2. Bread board,
3. Power supply.
4. Function generator.
ADDER:
An adder circuit can be made by connecting more inputs to the inverting op amp as
shown in Figure 1. The opposite end of the resistor connected to the inverting inputs.
Voltages are summed by applying the signals to the same input of the amplifier. Output is
inverted algebraic sum of inputs.
(a)
(b)
FIG 1. OP-AMP (a) INVERTING (b) NON INVERTING ADDER
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
PROCEDURE:
1. Apply a sine wave from function generator of 2 V peak to peak at input 1 with 1kHz
frequency.
2. Apply another sine wave signal from other function generator of 1 V peak to peak at
input 2 with 1 KHz frequency.
3. Observe the output on C.R.O. it is the addition of two input signals and amplitude will
be of 3 V peak to peak with same frequency.
4. Draw the relevant waveforms.
DC analysis
1. Repeat the same procedure by applying DC voltages and measure output using DMM
and tabulate the values.
S.No.
V1( Volts)
V2 ( Volts)
V0=V1+V2
(Theoretical Value)
V0=V1+V2
(Practical Value)
1
2
3
4
5
SUBTRACTOR:
Let V1 and V2 are two inputs applied to the inverting terminal and Non –
inverting terminals of op-amp through R1and R2 resistors as shown in fig.2. A feed back
resistor Rf is connected between o/p and inverting i/p. Then the o/p will be the difference of
two i/p voltages.
FIG 2. OP-AMP SUBTRACTOR
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Apply some DC voltage from 1st power supply.
Apply some DC voltage from 2nd power supply.
Check the output on DMM or CRO
Tabulate the values.
OBSERVATIONS:
S. No.
V1 (Volts)
V2 (Volts)
V0=V1-V2
(Theoretical Value)
V0=V1-V2(Practical Value)
1
2
3
4
5
COMPARATOR:
Comparator is a non-linear application of in open loop configuration. A Comparator
circuit compares the input signal voltage with a reference voltage at the terminals of an open
loop op amp. An inverting comparator circuit shown in fig 3 with input voltage applied to
inverting terminal and Vref to non- inverting input terminal.
The output voltage will be Vsat (= Vcc) and its transfer characteristics as shown in fig.4. The
transfer characteristics for a practical comparator is shown.
When Vi < Vref ;
Vo= +Vsat
When Vi>Vref ;
Vo= -V sat
When Vi < - Vref
Vo = +Vsat
Vi > - Vref
Vo = - Vsat
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
C) Comparator:
1. A fixed reference voltage Vref is applied to the (-) input, and to the other input a varying
voltage Vin is applied as shown in Fig 3.
2. Vary the input voltage above and below the Vref and note down the output at pin 6 of
741 IC.
3. Observe that,
when Vin is less than Vref, the output voltage is -Vsat (  - VEE)
when Vin is greater than Vref, the output voltage is +Vsat (+VCC)
RESULT:
Signature of Staff Member
DVR & Dr.HS MIC College of Technology
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
EXP:3
DATE:
Integrator and Differentiator Circuits using IC 741
AIM: To study Integrator and Differentiator circuits using IC 741 Op- Amp.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Components:
1. IC 741 Op-Amp,
2. Capacitors
--- 0.1 μF
3. Resistors
--- 1KΩ.
Equipment:
1. CRO,
2. Bread board,
3. Power supply,
4. Function generator.
PRINCIPLE:
DIFFERENTIATOR
An Op-Amp for differentiation is shown in fig 1. The circuit performs the
mathematical operation of differentiation. The non-inverting terminal is grounded. A
resistor Rf is connected in feedback path and a Capacitor C is connected between the
input signal source and the inverting terminal of the Op-Amp. The model graph as
shown in fig 2.
Fig1. Op Amp differentiator
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
Let Vi = input voltage
Vg = the voltage at the inverting input
Vo = output voltage.
A = Open-loop Gain of the Op-Amp
The current equation at the node A is Ic = Ib + If
But Ib =0, So Ic = If
Ic = C d/dt [Vi – Vg]
And
Therefore
Ii = [Vg-Vo]/ Rf
C d/dt[Vi -Vg] = [Vg-Vo]/ Rf
But Vo = A/Vg
As gain “A” is very high, Vg should be very small.
Hence Vg = 0.
So
C dVi /dt = -Vo/ Rf
Vo = - Rf C d/dt[Vi]
I.e., the output voltage is a derivative of the input voltage.
MODEL WAVEFORMS:
Vi
Vi
t
t
Vo
Vo
t
Fig 2. DIFFERENTIATOR WAVEFORMS
t
Fig 3. INTEGRATOR WAVEFORMS
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
INTEGRATOR
An OP-Amp circuit for integration is shown in fig4. The output voltage
waveform of this circuit is the integral of input voltage. A Capacitor C is connected in
feed back path and a Resistor Ri is connected as the input element. The non- inverting
input is grounded. The model graph as shown in fig 3.
Fig 4. Op Amp integrator
Let
Vi = input voltage
Vg = the voltage at the inverting input
Vo = output voltage.
A = Open-loop Gain of the Op-Amp
The current equation at the node A is Ic = Ib + If
But Ib =0, so Ic = If
Ii = [Vi -Vg]/Ri
If = C d/dt [Vg-Vo]
Therefore
C d/dt[Vg-Vo] = [Vi -Vg]/Ri
But
Vo = A/Vg
As” A” is very high, Vg should be very small.
Hence Vg = 0.
Vi/Ri
= -Cd/dt[Vo]
∫ Vi /Ri
= ∫Cd/dt[Vo]
∫ [Vi /Ri] dt = -C Vo
Therefore
Vo
= -1/RiC∫ Vi dt.
The equation shows that the output voltage is an integral of the input voltage. The
integral is multiplied by a constant of proportionality 1/Rc.
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
PROCEDURE:
DIFFERENTIATOR:
1. Insert the Op-Amp IC 741 into the breadboard correctly.
2. Connect the power supply to the pin 7 with a positive voltage of 15 V and ground the
other.
3. Connect the 2nd power supply negative voltage of 15 V to the pin 4 and ground the
positive terminal.
4. A resistor R is connected in feedback path between the pin 2 and 6.
5. A Capacitor C is connected at the pin 2 and other end is to be connected to a function
generator output.
6. The non- inverting terminal pin 3 is to be grounded.
7. Take output at pin6.
8. Apply a square wave of 500 Hz frequency.
9. Observe the output waveform on CRO.
10. Set the frequency equal to the time period t = RC and Observe the output waveform
on CRO.
11. Set the frequency equal to 10 times the time period[ t >> RC] and Observe the output
waveform on CRO.
12. Set the frequency equal to 10 times less the time period [t <<RC] and observe the
output waveform on CRO.
INTEGRATOR:
Connect the circuit as shown by interchanging the Capacitor and Resistors and do the
same as done in differentiator.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Switch on the power supply only when the circuit is correctly connected.
2. Ensure power supply voltage before applying it to the main device.
3. Don’t exceed the limits of the ratings of the devices Always use a straight lead probe
to insert into the breadboard.
4. Apply proper grounding for IC’s.
5. Check the starting pin number for each IC indicated with a dot as starting pin.
6. Use IC remover to remove IC from breadboard to avoid damage of pins of IC.
7. Don’t touch the pins of IC’s while power on.
8. Loose contact may result in error at output.
RESULT:
Signature of Staff Member
DVR & Dr.HS MIC College of Technology
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
Signature of Staff Member
DVR & Dr.HS MIC College of Technology
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IC APPLICATIONS Lab
Signature of Staff Member
DVR & Dr.HS MIC College of Technology