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Download Turkish personal endings/suffixes
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Turkish personal endings/suffixes The 'Modern' LPT Case Name The Dictionary Form The Direct Object Case The Possessive Case Grammatical Case Name The Absolute Form or Case Accusative or Definite Object or Direct Object Case Genitive case What does it refer to? The noun in its pure form. It's the 'no case' case. How is it recognized in English? How is it recognized in Turkish? It's the noun on its own as you'd find it in a dictionary. It's the noun on its own -- exactly as you'd find it in a dictionary. Example -1) grape 2) muscle 3) weep(ing), cry(ing) [verbal noun] Example -1) üzüm 2) adale 3) ağlama [verbal noun] Special Notes The direct object It's a noun found in the predicate of the of a verb or the sentence. object of certain prepositions. Example -1) I ate the grape. 2) She pulled the muscle. 3) He likes repairing antiques. 4) He loves Turkish bread. By the presence of one of the following suffixes: -i/ü/ı/u [or by -yi/yü/yı/yu after a vowel]. Denotes A. Expressed in English by a prepositional possession, phrase beginning with 'of'. measurement, or source. Examples A -1) ...of the grape 2) ...of the muscle 3) ...of the repairing 4) ...of the bread By the presence of one of the following Before adding this suffixes: -in/ün/ın/un suffix to nouns [or by -nin/nün/nın/nun after a vowel]. ending in k change the k to ğ (yumuşakg) Examples A -1) ...üzümün 2) ...adalenin 3) ...onarmanın 4) ...ekmeğin For 'Proper Names', add an apostophe in Examples B -Turkish, before 1) Perihan'ın arabası adding the possesive 2) erkeğin paltosu suffix, as in Perihan'ın arabası. B. Expressed in English by apostophe-s. Examples B -1) Perihan's car 2) the man's coat Before adding this suffix to nouns ending in k change the k to ğ (yumuşakg). Example -1) Üzümü yedim. 2) Adaleyi incitti. 3) Antika onarmayı sever. 4) Türk ekmeği sever. 1 The To/For Case The Place Case The From/Than Case Dative case Locative Case Ablative Case Denotes the indirect object of a verb and the object of any of certain verbs and prepositions. Expressed by a prepositional phrase with 'to/for'. Denotes the case 'where something is/has been/will be' or 'where something occurs/has occurred/will occur'. Expressed by a prepositional phrase with 'in, on, at'. Denotes separation, direction away from, and sometimes manner or agency. Expressed by a prepositional phrase with 'from, out of, through, than'. Example -1) ...for the harpsichord 2) ...to the muscle 3) ...for the repairing 4) ...for the bread Example -1) ...on the grape. 2) ...on the car. 3) ...in the book 4) ...in the jeep Example -1) ...from the grape. 2) ...out of the car 3) ...than the book 4) ...from the jeep By the presence of one of the following Before adding this suffixes: suffix to nouns -e/a [or by -ye/ya after a vowel]. ending in k change the k to ğ (yumuşakg) Example -1) ...klavsene 2) ...adaleye 3) ...onarmaya 4) ...ekmeğe By the presence of one of the following suffixes: -de/da [or by -te/ta after ç, f, h, k, p, s, ş, or t]. Example -1) ... üzümde 2) ...arabada 3) ...kitapta 4) ...cipte By the presence of one of the following suffixes: -den/dan [or by -ten/tan after ç, f, h, k, p, s, ş, or t]. Example -1) ... üzümden 2) ...arabadan 3) ...kitaptan 4) ...cipten 2