Download What is matter?

By: Charbel Alhaddad
707
What is matter?
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Every thing is made up of matter.
They are measured in mass.
Matter is made up of molecules which can form
either a solid, liquid, or gas.
Matter also has a mass and a volume.
Also because of the mass and volume, matter
also has a density.
States of Matter.
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There are three main states of
matter.
Solids, liquids, and gases are the
three states of matter normally
found on Earth.
A solid’s molecules are packed
together and only vibrate.
A liquid’s molecules are a little more
loose they have weaker bonds and
take the shape of the container
States of Matter. (continued)
 A gas’ molecules move freely with little to
no bonds and also take the shape of their
container
 Examples of states of different types of
states of matter: Solids - ice, rocks, chairs,
computers, and phones. Liquids - water,
lava, juice, milk, and soda. Gases oxygen, vapor, helium, carbon dioxide,
and carbon monoxide.
States of Matter Pictures.
Physical and Chemical Properties.
• Physical properties are properties that do
not change the make-up of a substance
• Chemical properties are properties that do
change the make-up of a substance.
• Examples: Physical – Color, boiling point,
melting point, smell, viscosity and density.
Chemical – reactivity, PH, flammability,
chemical stability, and toxicity.
Physical and Chemical Changes.
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Physical changes keep the substance they are
the same throughout the whole process.
Chemical changes change the substance into
another substance at the end.
Examples: Physical – melting, freezing,
condensation, evaporation, and sublimation.
Chemical – rusting, cooking, forming a
precipitate, creating new substances, and
burning things (like gasoline to make fuel.)
The Atom
► An
atom is the smallest unit of matter that cannot
be divided further without blowing up.
► The three parts are: Protons, Neutrons, and
Electrons.
► Protons have positive charges that combine with
Neutrons that have neutral charges to make a
nucleus. (unlike the ones in cells)
► Electrons are on the outside with negative
charges. There are rings called shells on the
outside of the nucleus that fit the electrons. Only
two can fit on the first shell, eight on the second,
eighteen on the third, thirty-two on the forth, etc.
The Atom (picture)
Elements
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An element is made up of
different atoms put together. For
example if you have a nucleus
with one electron you get the
element Hydrogen. If you have
two electrons you get Helium, etc.
Examples of elements: Oxygen,
Carbon, Magnesium, Sodium, and
iron.
Compounds
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A compound is when two or more
different elements are being combined
(chemical change).
Examples of compounds: Water, CO2,
Table salt, Rock salt, and glucose.
Periodic Table
The Periodic Table tells you the
atomic number of an element which is
the number of protons and electrons.
It also tells you the atomic mass of
the element. If you subtract the
atomic mass by the atomic number
then you get the number of neutrons
in that element. It also tells you if it’s a
metal, metalloid, or non-metal. Also it
says if that element is normally found
as a solid, liquid, or gas.
Periodic Table (picture)
Substances and
Mixtures
• A substance is a chemical combination of
elements or compounds to make a new
compound.
• Mixtures are physical combinations of
elements or compounds but they do NOT
change their make-up.
• Examples: Substances – salt, sugar,
sodium chloride, diamond, and water.
Mixtures – Cake batter, concrete, salt
water, salad dressing, and even the air we
breath.
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous
 In a heterogeneous mixture you can
see the different parts of the mixture.
 In a homogeneous mixture you can’t
see the different parts of the mixture.
 Examples: Heterogeneous mixture –
salads, trail mix, sand and water,
chicken soup, and orange juice with
pulp. Homogeneous mixture – salt
water, tea, coffee, blood, sugary
water.
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous
(Pictures)
Solutions
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A solution is when a solute is dissolved in a
solvent. Usually the solvent is water and the
solute is whatever you want. You can have any
solvent but water is the most common one. The
solute is the thing being dissolved and the
solvent is the thing that the solute is being
dissolved by/in.
Examples of solutions: water and salt/ water and
sugar/ water, sugar, lemon juice/ water and koolaid mix/ herbs, water, sugar.
Solubility
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Solubility is how easily a solid, liquid, or gas
dissolves in water. To make a substance
dissolve faster you can do three things add
heat, pressure, or mix it faster.
So solubility is how easily a solute dissolves
in the solvent it is being dissolved in.
Solubility (picture)
References
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Google Images
www.solubilityofthings.com/
 www.enotes.com
 www.edinformatics.com/math_science/sol
utions.htm
 www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_mixtur
eex.html
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