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Warm up 11/10 • In your spiral: • What type of political system does the U.S. have? What type of economic system does the U.S. have? Freedom Axis We will classify countries according to economic and political freedoms using a chart. Teacher instructions 1. Print slides 6-13 2. Cut slides 7-13 into two sheets (these are the country’s profiles) 3. Place students into small groups with one set of the country profiles from slides 7-13. Students will determine their degree of political and economic freedom 4. Have students create an X and Y axis in their notebooks (or on a separate sheet of paper if you would like to take this as a daily grade) 5. Read the USA profile, and with the class, plot the US on the “Freedom Axis” have all students do the same on their sheet of paper (use this time to remind them of the economic spectrum) 6. Students must create a symbol to represent their country (a small one) and draw it on their graph in the approximate place they think it should fall (in terms of political and economic freedom). Students must also write a brief justification as to why they placed their country in that spot. 7. After about 15 minutes, have students come up in pairs to read their profile and draw their country’s symbol on a teacher created X and Y axis on your smart or white board 8. Students should be able to give a justification for why they chose to place their country in that spot based on the info in the profile. 9. As each pair presents, the other students will plot the country on their own x and y axis, by the end of class students will have approximately 16 nations on their X and Y axis Draw this axis on your own paper! Most Freedom Political (Government) Freedom Least Freedom Most Freedom Economic Freedom Plotting for Freedom • In groups of 2-3, read your country profiles. Decide how free the countries are politically and economically. – Who has more power? The central government or the citizens? • Write the name of your countries on the “Freedom Axis” you drew on your paper. • After you plot your countries on the freedom graph, you must write a short justification • You will come to the board with your partners to plot your country on the class “Freedom Axis” as your classmates record your answer. Writing Analysis • Compare and contrast the difference between economic systems and political systems. • Which two specific examples of economic and political systems would you pair to make the ideal nation? • Why would the extremes in economic and political systems not promote the well being of the population? (Ex. No government involvement in the economy or political systems to the government’s total control in the economy and political system.) • Must be at least 1 page The United States of America • • Location: North America Government: Federal Republic – – – – – – President Barack Obama (Since 2008) Men and women over 18 can vote Power is divided among three equal branches of government 2 major political parties (Republicans and Democrats) Popular sovereignty Presidential elections held every 4 years, individuals may only serve two terms as president; congressional elections held every 2 years (House) and 6 years (Senate) – Freedom of speech, religion, press – Constitution and bill of rights to protect individual liberty • Economy: Market (Free Enterprise) – – – – GDP Per Capita= $48,100 per year Main Exports= High technology, food products, automobiles Highly educated population Limited government control over economic activities of private companies (safety, health, and environmental regulations exist) – People have the freedom to make their own economic choices based on supply and demand – Large middle class • The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – – – Location: Southwest Asia Government: Traditional Monarchy • King Abdallah bin abd al-Aziz al Saud (Since 1994) • Hereditary monarchy (Saud family has ruled since 17th Century) • Only men over the age of 21 are allowed to vote for the Shura (Legal Council) to create laws which must be approved by the King. The Shura is led by a minister who is appointed directly by the King. Only the King decides when to have elections; they are not held on a regular basis. • Most government leaders are blood relatives of the King • Islamic Sharia laws are basis of legal system • No free speech, religion, press • Limited women’s rights • The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) – – Location: East Asia Government: Totalitarian Dictatorship • President Kim Jong Un (Since 2011) • Hereditary dictatorship (Kim family has ruled Korea since 1949) • Citizens over the age of 17 may vote, however, elections are not regularly held. Their last election was 2003 and only Kim Jong Il (the deceased father of Kim Jon Un) was on the ballot for president. • Most political parties are banned (aside from the Korean Worker’s Party) • Government leaders are from the military and have sworn loyalty to the Kim family • No free speech, religion, press • Concentration camps are used to punish political opponents of the government – Economy: Communist (Command) Economy: Socialist • • • • • • GDP per capita= $24, 000 per year Main export = Oil Government controls major industries (ex. Oil and energy production) Population is not highly educated Limited foreign investment in sectors other than oil production King has recently allowed some economic reforms • • • • • • GDP per capita= $1,800 per year Main exports= minerals, textiles, weapons Population is not highly educated Few trading partners other than China Government has total control Government mismanagement of resources has led to famine and malnutrition • The United Kingdom – – – Location: Europe Government: Constitutional Monarchy • Queen Elizabeth II (Since 1952, family has ruled since 11th century) • Prime Minister David Cameron (Since 2010) • Hereditary monarchy • Both men and women over the age of 18 are allowed to vote for members of parliament. • Most government leaders are elected by the people. • Prime Minister (leader of government) is chosen by ministers of the majority party in Parliament • 2 major political parties (Labor and Conservative) • Separation of powers • Freedom of speech, religion, press • Constitution to ensure people’s rights Economy: Socialist • • • • • • • GDP per capita= $ 35,900 per year Main exports = Chemicals, manufactured products, fuel Government controls many industries in the public interest (healthcare, education, utilities) Population is highly educated Lots of foreign investment and trade Members of the European Union People have the freedom to become entrepreneurs; however, there is substantial government oversight of private businesses • Republic of India – – Location: South Asia Government: Federal Republic • Prime Minister Manmohan Singh • People vote for members of parliament to create laws • Both men and women over 18 can vote • Prime Minister (leader of government) is chosen by ministers of the majority party in Parliament • Several major political parties • Separation of powers • Elections must be held every 5 years • Freedom of speech, religion, press • Constitution to protect people’s rights – Economy: Socialist • • • • • • • • GDP per capita= $3,500 per year Main export = Petroleum products, precious stones, iron and steel, chemicals, textiles Government has given up control of most major industries; however, some are still under state control (healthcare, education, electricity production) Population is not highly educated The world’s second fastest growing economy Major destination for outsourcing from USA and UK People have the freedom to become entrepreneurs; however, there is substantial government oversight of private businesses Fast growing middle class • The Holy See (Vatican) – – – Location: Europe Government: Theocracy • Pope Benedict XVI (Since 2006) • Pope serves from the time of his election until the time of his death • Pope is elected by Catholic religious leaders known as Cardinals • Only Cardinals under the age of 80 are allowed to vote for the pope • No major political parties • No freedom of speech, religion, press • Constitution based on Catholic religious doctrine (beliefs) Economy: Command • GDP per capita= N/A • Economy is directed by the Catholic Church • Main exports = Tourist souvenirs, charity donations • Population is highly educated • Most income is donated by Catholic followers from around the world • Italy supplies most of the electricity • Charge admission to Vatican museums • Collect interest from investments and real estate sales • Most of the people who work in Vatican City live in Italy • The Islamic Republic of Iran – – Location: Southwest Asia Government: Theocratic Republic • Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini Khamenei (Head of State) elected for life by religious leaders (since 1989) • President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Since 2005) • Both men and women over the age of 18 are allowed to vote for members of the Shura (legislature) and president. • Elections are held every four years • Past elections have shown evidence of corruption by government leaders • Political protests are brutally crushed by secret police • Islamic Sharia laws are enforced by religious police • No freedom of speech, religion, press – Economy: Command • • • • • • • GDP per capita= $12,200 per year Main exports = Oil, chemicals, weapons, agricultural products Government controls all large industries Population is not highly educated Only small scale private ownership of cottage industries Many government regulations on private businesses, very little economic freedom or choices for the average citizens Member of OPEC • Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela – – – Location: South America Government: Federal Republic • President Nicholas Maduro (2013) • President elections are held every 6 years • No limit on how long one person can serve as president • Gained independence from Spain on July 5th, 1811 • Both men and women over the age of 18 are allowed to vote • Past elections have shown evidence of corruption by government leaders • Several large political parties, largest is the Bolivarian Socialist Worker’s Party • Political protests are brutally crushed by secret police • Freedom of press and speech is limited Economy: Socialist • • • • • • • GDP per capita= $12,400 per year Main exports = Oil, steel, agricultural products Government controls the oil, steel, agriculture, banking, and construction businesses Population is not highly educated Many government regulations on private businesses, very little economic freedom or choices for the average citizens High prices of goods due to poor management of the economy by government officials Member of OPEC • The United Mexican States (Mexico) – – Location: North America Government: Federal Republic • President Enrique Pena Nieto (2012) • President elections are held every 6 years • 10 major political parties • Both men and women over the age of 18 are allowed to vote • Freedom of speech, press, and religion • Constitution to protect the rights of citizens • Separation of powers • Problems with corruption by national, state, and local officials • Severe violence between government agents and members of powerful organized crime syndicates – Economy: Market (Free Enterprise) • • • • • • • • GDP per capita= $15,100 per year Main exports = Oil, agricultural products, textiles, manufactured goods Large industries are almost entirely owned by the private sector Strong government oversight of airports and energy production Key trading partner with the USA Population is not highly educated People have the freedom to make economic choices based on supply and demand Suffers from “brain drain” due to economic push factors that encourage educated young Mexicans to live and work abroad • Japan – – – Location: East Asia Government: Constitutional Monarchy • Emperor Akihito (Since 1989) • Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda (Since 2011) • Hereditary monarchy (Family has ruled Japan since the 16th Century) • Both men and women over the age of 20 are allowed to vote for members of parliament. • Most government leaders are elected by the people. Elections are held approximately every 3-5 years • 2 major political parties • Separation of powers • Prime Minister (leader of government) is chosen by ministers of the majority party in Parliament • Freedom of speech, religion, press • Constitution to ensure people’s rights Economy: Market (Free Enterprise) • • • • • • • • GDP per capita= $ 34,300 per year Main exports = Transportation equipment, cars, semiconductors, chemicals, high technology Heavily dependant on trade with other countries for raw materials Government subsidizes (helps pay for) important industries such as healthcare and education Population is highly educated Some white collar workers are guaranteed employment for life Lots of foreign investment People have the freedom to become entrepreneurs; however, there is substantial government oversight of private businesses • The People’s Republic of China – – Location: East Asia Government: Totalitarian state • President Hu Jintao (Since 2003) • Primer Wen Jaobao (Since 2003) • One party state (Communist Party only) • Both men and women over the age of 18 are allowed to vote for members of the National People’s Congress • National People’s Congress elects President and Premier for 5 year terms in office (limited to two terms) • No freedom of speech, religion, press • Constitution to ensure government power • People are expected to submit to the power of the state as a way of marinating order • Political opposition to ruling Communist party is not tolerated – Economy: Command Capitalism (mixed) • • • • • • • • • GDP per capita= $8,400 per year Main exports = Manufactured products, textiles, chemicals The World’s fastest growing economy Private ownership of business is allowed Government has the right to intervene in the economy as they see fit Government often favors private businesses who are loyal to the communist party Very few regulations (safety or environmental protection) or worker’s rights A key player in world trade and investment Rapidly growing middle class • The Democratic Republic of Congo – – – Location: Central Africa Government: Republic • President Joseph Kabila (Since 2001) • Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito (Since 2008) • President elected by popular vote to serve a 5 year term (limited to 2 terms) • PM is chosen by the President • President Kabila was elected after the death of his Father (the previous president) who came to power after a bloody civil war in the 1990s • Voting is compulsory (mandatory) for all men and women over the age 18. People who don’t vote must pay a fine • National Assembly and Senate (legislature) elected by popular vote • Allegations of government corruption in recent elections • Years of war and ethnic violence have reduced the power of the government in some parts of the country Economy: Market (Free Enterprise) • GDP per capita= $300 per year • Main exports = Minerals, lumber, agricultural products • Widespread corruption in economy • Private ownership of business is allowed • Much of the country’s economy is informal (traditional) and is not reflected in GDP • Most locally owned businesses are very small in scale (cottage industry) • Blood diamonds helped fund genocide and civil war for decades • Poor infrastructure has discouraged foreign investment • The Syrian Arab Republic – – – Location: Southwest Asia Government: Totalitarian state • President Bashar al Asad (Since 2000) • Dynastic Dictatorship (Asad family has ruled Syria since 1963) • President serves a 7year term with no term limits • Both men and women over the age of 18 can vote • National Council creates laws and elects the President • Political parties which oppose the government are banned • No freedom of speech or press • Limited freedom of religion • Constitution designed to ensure government power Economy: Socialist • GDP per capita= $5,100 per year • Main exports = Oil, minerals, petroleum products, textiles, fruits • Government controls most major industries such as oil production • Private ownership of cottage industries and some small scale businesses • Government recently opened a stock market to encourage foreign investment • Large amount of government debt • High unemployment rate • Large disparity between rich and poor • Federal Republic of Brazil – – – Location: South America Government: Federal Republic • President Dilma Rousseff (Since 2011) • President is elected by popular vote and can only serve one 4 year term • Voting is compulsory (mandatory) for men and women between ages of 18 and 70; voting is optional for men and women between 16-18 or over 70 • People between 18-70 who do not vote must pay a fine • National Congress is elected by people • National constitution is designed to protect people’s rights • Separation of powers • 10 major political parties Economy: Market (Free Enterprise) • GDP per capita= $11,600 per year • Main exports = Manufactured products, textiles, minerals, agricultural products • One of the world’s fastest growing economies • Private ownership of business is allowed • Limited government intervention in economy • Extremely low government debt • Growing investment from foreign companies • Strong stock market to attract investment • A key player in world trade • Rapidly growing middle class • The Republic of South Africa – – – Location: Southern Africa Government: Federal Republic • President Jacob Zuma (Since 2009) • Both men and women over the age of 18 are allowed to vote for members of the National Assembly • National Assembly elects President for 5 year terms in office (limited to two terms) • Freedom of speech, religion, press • Constitution to ensure equality and civil rights • 4 major political parties • Years of Apartheid (racial segregation) ended in 1994 • Some whites (especially farmers) face discrimination by the government Economy: Socialist • GDP per capita= $11,000 per year • Main exports = Minerals, manufactured goods, agricultural goods • One of the world’s fastest growing economies • Private ownership of business is allowed • Government controls electrical production, management some mineral resources, healthcare, and education • Modern infrastructure • High unemployment rate • World’s 18th largest stock market • Rapidly growing middle class