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Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Florida Benchmarks • SC.6.E.7.4 Differentiate and show interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. • MA.6.A.3.6 Construct and analyze tables, graphs, and equations to describe linear functions and other simple relations using both common language and algebraic notation. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What on Earth? What is the Earth system? • A system is a group of related objects or parts that work together to form a whole. • The Earth system is all of the matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary. • Earth is a complex system full of living and nonliving things and the matter and energy that continuously cycle through the smaller systems. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What is the Earth system? • The geosphere is the mostly solid, rocky part of Earth. It extends from the center of Earth to the surface of Earth. • The crust is the thin, outermost layer of the geosphere. • Oceanic crust is 5 to 10 km thick. Continental crust is 15 to 70 km thick. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What is the Earth system? • The mantle is below the crust. It is about 2,900 km thick. • A small layer of solid mantle, right below the crust, flows and causes movement of the plates of the crust. • The core of Earth has a radius of about 3,900 km. It is made of iron and nickel. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What is the Earth system? • Describe the characteristics of the layers of Earth. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Got Water? What is the hydrosphere? • The hydrosphere is the part of Earth that is liquid water. • Oceans, lakes, rivers, marshes, and groundwater are part of the hydrosphere. • Water is constantly moving through Earth and even into and out of living things. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What is the cryosphere? • The cryosphere is made up of all of the frozen water on Earth. • Snow, ice, sea ice, glaciers, ice shelves, icebergs, and frozen ground are all part of the cryosphere. • Changes in the cryosphere can play an important role in Earth’s climate and species’ survival. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What a Gas! What is the atmosphere? • The atmosphere is a mixture of mostly invisible gases that surrounds Earth. • About 78 percent of the atmosphere is nitrogen. Oxygen makes up 21 percent of the atmosphere. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What is the atmosphere? • Other gases in the atmosphere include argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. • Some of the energy from the sun is trapped by Earth’s atmosphere, which helps keep temperatures high. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What is the atmosphere? • Part of the atmosphere absorbs and reflects harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. • Other parts of the atmosphere cause space debris to burn up before reaching Earth’s surface. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What is the biosphere? • The biosphere is made up of living things and the areas of Earth where they are found. • Organisms usually need oxygen or carbon dioxide to carry out life processes. • Liquid water, moderate temperatures, and a stable source of energy are also important for most living things. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What’s the Matter? How do Earth’s spheres interact? • All of the five spheres of Earth interact as matter and energy change and cycle through the system. • If matter or energy never changed from one form to another, life on Earth would not be possible. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres How do Earth’s spheres interact? • Matter moves between Earth’s spheres. • Sometimes, matter moves through many spheres before returning to a sphere. • Energy moves between spheres. Energy also moves back and forth between spheres. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres How do Earth’s spheres interact? • How many of the parts of the Earth system can you identify in this image? How do they interact? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company