Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Society of the Mongol Empire wikipedia , lookup
Late Middle Ages wikipedia , lookup
Medieval Muslim Algeria wikipedia , lookup
Abbasid Caliphate wikipedia , lookup
High Middle Ages wikipedia , lookup
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb wikipedia , lookup
Early Middle Ages wikipedia , lookup
Unit 3 Review 600 CE—1450 CE 1. Islam means A. B. C. D. E. “dedication to Allah.” “victory.” “submission.” “peace.” “people of the book.” 1. Islam means A. B. C. D. E. “dedication to Allah.” “victory.” “submission.” “peace.” “people of the book.” 2. Which of the following statements concerning the ethical system of early Islam is NOT correct? A. Islam stressed the dignity of all believers and their equality in the eyes of Allah. B. Islam stressed the responsibility of the wealthy and strong to care for the poor and weak. C. A tax for charity was obligatory in the new faith. D. The teachings of the Prophet and the Quran were not formally incorporated into a body of law. E. It recognized the truth of similar ethical ideas in Judaism and Christianity. 2. Which of the following statements concerning the ethical system of early Islam is NOT correct? A. Islam stressed the dignity of all believers and their equality in the eyes of Allah. B. Islam stressed the responsibility of the wealthy and strong to care for the poor and weak. C. A tax for charity was obligatory in the new faith. D. The teachings of the Prophet and the Quran were not formally incorporated into a body of law. E. It recognized the truth of similar ethical ideas in Judaism and Christianity. 3. Why did the Arab warriors not want to convert large numbers of people to Islam? A. Muhammad specifically stated that Islam could only be spread among the Arabs. B. They would have had to share their booty and would have lost tax revenues. C. They lacked the political organization to govern them and feared insurrection by non-Arabs. D. Conversion would have slowed down the process of conquest. E. They wanted to keep high religious offices among themselves. 3. Why did the Arab warriors not want to convert large numbers of people to Islam? A. Muhammad specifically stated that Islam could only be spread among the Arabs. B. They would have had to share their booty and would have lost tax revenues. C. They lacked the political organization to govern them and feared insurrection by non-Arabs. D. Conversion would have slowed down the process of conquest. E. They wanted to keep high religious offices among themselves. 4. What was the result of the first civil war between Ali and the Umayyads? A. Ali was able to defeat the Umayyad clan and reduce them to political insignificance. B. Ali was killed in the conflict, but his son Hasan was named caliph and won a great victory over the Abbasids. C. Despite early successes, Ali’s faction disintegrated leading to an Umayyad victory and Ali’s assassination. D. Ali suffered a disastrous military defeat at the Battle of Siffin, and the Umayyads emerged victorious. E. Islam remained firmly united behind the heirs of Husayn and Ali. 4. What was the result of the first civil war between Ali and the Umayyads? A. Ali was able to defeat the Umayyad clan and reduce them to political insignificance. B. Ali was killed in the conflict, but his son Hasan was named caliph and won a great victory over the Abbasids. C. Despite early successes, Ali’s faction disintegrated leading to an Umayyad victory and Ali’s assassination. D. Ali suffered a disastrous military defeat at the Battle of Siffin, and the Umayyads emerged victorious. E. Islam remained firmly united behind the heirs of Husayn and Ali. 5. What was the nature of citizenship within the Umayyad Empire? A. All converts to Islam, regardless of their ethnic origins, were full citizens and members of the elite. B. Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great empire. C. The Umayyads recognized all residents of their empire, whether Muslims or “peoples of he book” as full citizens. D. Arabs rapidly lost their dominance in the Umayyad Empire to the native residents of Persia. E. Malawi were accorded full rights of citizenship. 5. What was the nature of citizenship within the Umayyad Empire? A. All converts to Islam, regardless of their ethnic origins, were full citizens and members of the elite. B. Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great empire. C. The Umayyads recognized all residents of their empire, whether Muslims or “peoples of he book” as full citizens. D. Arabs rapidly lost their dominance in the Umayyad Empire to the native residents of Persia. E. Malawi were accorded full rights of citizenship. 6. What was the most significant of the transformations brought about by the Abbasids’ rise to power? A. The final defeat of the Byzantine Empire with the capture of Constantinople B. The mawali were admitted as full members of the Islamic community C. The destruction of absolutism within Islamic government D. The destruction of Sunni influences within Islam E. Victory in the Crusades and the conquest of Spain 6. What was the most significant of the transformations brought about by the Abbasids’ rise to power? A. The final defeat of the Byzantine Empire with the capture of Constantinople B. The mawali were admitted as full members of the Islamic community C. The destruction of absolutism within Islamic government D. The destruction of Sunni influences within Islam E. Victory in the Crusades and the conquest of Spain 7. What was the primary cultural contribution of the Muslims during the Abbasid period? A. The Muslims were able to recover and preserve the works of the ancient philosophers as well as transmit ideas and culture from one civilization to another. B. The Muslims became extraordinarily adept at portraiture, focusing on depictions of Muhammad and the early caliphs. C. Although the material culture of the Abbasid period remained poor, Muslims were able to make some advances in music. D. Islamic learning was necessarily unique, as they had no access to the ancient traditions of philosophy and science. E. Islamic culture combined the achievements of earlier civilizations such as the Harappan and the Aryans. 7. What was the primary cultural contribution of the Muslims during the Abbasid period? A. The Muslims were able to recover and preserve the works of the ancient philosophers as well as transmit ideas and culture from one civilization to another. B. The Muslims became extraordinarily adept at portraiture, focusing on depictions of Muhammad and the early caliphs. C. Although the material culture of the Abbasid period remained poor, Muslims were able to make some advances in music. D. Islamic learning was necessarily unique, as they had no access to the ancient traditions of philosophy and science. E. Islamic culture combined the achievements of earlier civilizations such as the Harappan and the Aryans. 8. What was the result of the civil wars following the death of al-Rashid? A. The Abbasid dynasty came to an end with the defeat in the Battle of Zamzam. B. Succession disputes led to the build up of personal armies, often of slave soldiers. C. Private armies were abolished in an attempt to curtail future violence over the succession. D. The practice of electing caliphs in Mecca was once again instituted. E. The Shi’as were able to take over the throne with the election of Ali. 8. What was the result of the civil wars following the death of al-Rashid? A. The Abbasid dynasty came to an end with the defeat in the Battle of Zamzam. B. Succession disputes led to the build up of personal armies, often of slave soldiers. C. Private armies were abolished in an attempt to curtail future violence over the succession. D. The practice of electing caliphs in Mecca was once again instituted. E. The Shi’as were able to take over the throne with the election of Ali. 9. What changes occurred during the Abbasid period with respect to women? A. B. C. D. E. The establishment of the harem The legislation of multiple marriages for women The creation of Islamic nunneries Legislation against concubinage and prostitution Women were allowed to take more than one husband. 9. What changes occurred during the Abbasid period with respect to women? A. B. C. D. E. The establishment of the harem The legislation of multiple marriages for women The creation of Islamic nunneries Legislation against concubinage and prostitution Women were allowed to take more than one husband. 10. Who was the Muslim leader responsible for the reconquest of most of the territories belonging to the Christian crusaders? A. B. C. D. E. Firdawsi Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Ghazali Saladin Umar 10. Who was the Muslim leader responsible for the reconquest of most of the territories belonging to the Christian crusaders? A. B. C. D. E. Firdawsi Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Ghazali Saladin Umar 11. What was the impact of the Crusades on the Christian West? A. Christians adopted military techniques, words, scientific learning, and Arabic numerals among other things. B. Christians rejected most Muslim influence, although they did gain a taste for Muslim wines and liquors. C. There was no Muslim influence on the Christian West. D. The Crusades interrupted the trade of the Mediterranean and cut off the West from Islam until 1293. E. The Crusades led to an extension of feudalism through the use of Islamic silver. 11. What was the impact of the Crusades on the Christian West? A. Christians adopted military techniques, words, scientific learning, and Arabic numerals among other things. B. Christians rejected most Muslim influence, although they did gain a taste for Muslim wines and liquors. C. There was no Muslim influence on the Christian West. D. The Crusades interrupted the trade of the Mediterranean and cut off the West from Islam until 1293. E. The Crusades led to an extension of feudalism through the use of Islamic silver. 12. How did Islam and Hinduism differ? A. Hinduism stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Islam was more rigid in terms of orthodox belief. B. Islam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Hinduism was more rigid in terms of orthodox belief. C. Islam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Hinduism embraced a caste-based social system. D. Hinduism stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Islam embraced a caste-based social system. E. Hinduism was monotheistic, while Islam was polytheistic but both had a supreme God. 12. How did Islam and Hinduism differ? A. Hinduism stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Islam was more rigid in terms of orthodox belief. B. Islam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Hinduism was more rigid in terms of orthodox belief. C. Islam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Hinduism embraced a caste-based social system. D. Hinduism stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Islam embraced a caste-based social system. E. Hinduism was monotheistic, while Islam was polytheistic but both had a supreme God. 13. What was one of the major differences between African civilizations and other post classical societies? A. African civilizations were built somewhat less clearly on prior precedent than was the case in other post-classical societies. B. African civilization was almost entirely dependent on cultural importations from Islam and the Arabic world. C. Prior to 800, African civilizations had no prior contacts with civilizations outside of the African continent. D. There were no civilizations in Africa until after the post classical period. E. African civilizations were based on hierarchal and patrilineal models not democratic and matrilineal. 13. What was one of the major differences between African civilizations and other post classical societies? A. African civilizations were built somewhat less clearly on prior precedent than was the case in other post-classical societies. B. African civilization was almost entirely dependent on cultural importations from Islam and the Arabic world. C. Prior to 800, African civilizations had no prior contacts with civilizations outside of the African continent. D. There were no civilizations in Africa until after the post classical period. E. African civilizations were based on hierarchal and patrilineal models not democratic and matrilineal. 14. Which of the following statements best describes the indigenous religion of much of sub-Saharan Africa? A. B. C. D. E. Much of sub-Saharan Africa was Christian but later converted to Islam under military pressure. Animistic religion, belief in the power of natural forces personified as deities, characterized much of Africa. African religion prior to the arrival of the Muslims was typified by an independent form of monotheism characterized by worship in monumental temple complexes. Uniquely, African societies lacked any religious principles prior to the arrival of the Christians and Muslims. Sub-Saharan groups were influenced by Hindu beliefs brought in through east African trading ports such as Kilwa. 14. Which of the following statements best describes the indigenous religion of much of sub-Saharan Africa? A. B. C. D. E. Much of sub-Saharan Africa was Christian but later converted to Islam under military pressure. Animistic religion, belief in the power of natural forces personified as deities, characterized much of Africa. African religion prior to the arrival of the Muslims was typified by an independent form of monotheism characterized by worship in monumental temple complexes. Uniquely, African societies lacked any religious principles prior to the arrival of the Christians and Muslims. Sub-Saharan groups were influenced by Hindu beliefs brought in through east African trading ports such as Kilwa. 15. What region of Africa was first converted to Islam by 700 C.E.? A. B. C. D. E. East Africa Central Africa West Africa North Africa South Africa 15. What region of Africa was first converted to Islam by 700 C.E.? A. B. C. D. E. East Africa Central Africa West Africa North Africa South Africa 16. What was the most important Christian kingdom in Africa? A. B. C. D. E. Mali Songhay Kongo Ethiopia Egypt 16. What was the most important Christian kingdom in Africa? A. B. C. D. E. Mali Songhay Kongo Ethiopia Egypt 17. What monarch is credited with beginning Malinke expansion and creating the Mali Empire? A. B. C. D. E. Sundiata Mahmud of Ghur Mansa Musa King Lalibela Muhammad the Great 17. What monarch is credited with beginning Malinke expansion and creating the Mali Empire? A. B. C. D. E. Sundiata Mahmud of Ghur Mansa Musa King Lalibela Muhammad the Great 18. What was the common cultural trait of the urbanized trading ports of the east African coast? A. Membership in the Soninke tribe B. The artistic style of the Nok culture C. Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili language D. A single ruling family from the Malinke tribe E. A common descent from refugees from Bagdad 18. What was the common cultural trait of the urbanized trading ports of the east African coast? A. Membership in the Soninke tribe B. The artistic style of the Nok culture C. Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili language D. A single ruling family from the Malinke tribe E. A common descent from refugees from Bagdad 19. The significance of the Byzantine Empire included all of the following EXCEPT A. the empire’s ability to survive for almost a thousand years. B. the importance of the empire’s capital at Constantinople as a major urban center. C. the ability of the empire to spread its cultural and political influence to the Balkans and southern Russia. D. the empire’s conquest of the Ottoman Empire and its inclusion of all of the Middle East. E. its development of Orthodox Christianity which broke off from Rome in 1054. 19. The significance of the Byzantine Empire included all of the following EXCEPT A. the empire’s ability to survive for almost a thousand years. B. the importance of the empire’s capital at Constantinople as a major urban center. C. the ability of the empire to spread its cultural and political influence to the Balkans and southern Russia. D. the empire’s conquest of the Ottoman Empire and its inclusion of all of the Middle East. E. its development of Orthodox Christianity which broke off from Rome in 1054. 20. What was the technological innovation that aided the Byzantine Empire in withstanding the Muslim siege of Constantinople in 717? A. B. C. D. E. Cannon Greek fire Gunpowder rockets Catapults The longbow 20. What was the technological innovation that aided the Byzantine Empire in withstanding the Muslim siege of Constantinople in 717? A. B. C. D. E. Cannon Greek fire Gunpowder rockets Catapults The longbow 21. The religious controversy over the use of religious images in worship that broke out in the 8th century was called A. B. C. D. E. the Trinitarian controversy. the Christological controversy. the Filioque controversy. the Iconoclastic controversy. the Reformation. 21. The religious controversy over the use of religious images in worship that broke out in the 8th century was called A. B. C. D. E. the Trinitarian controversy. the Christological controversy. the Filioque controversy. the Iconoclastic controversy. the Reformation. 22. What two missionaries were responsible for the creation of a written script for Slavic language? A. B. C. D. E. Basil and John Chrysostom Cyril and Methodius Constans and Mnemosyne John and Matthew Nicholas and Alexander 22. What two missionaries were responsible for the creation of a written script for Slavic language? A. B. C. D. E. Basil and John Chrysostom Cyril and Methodius Constans and Mnemosyne John and Matthew Nicholas and Alexander 23. Why did Vladimir I prefer Orthodox Christianity to Roman Catholicism? A. He preferred to avoid the pitfalls of the veneration of icons. B. He believed that Roman Catholicism implied papal interference, while Orthodoxy embraced the control of the church by the state. C. He was not familiar with Roman Catholicism, because the Western form of Christianity had not penetrated into eastern Europe. D. He did not believe in clerical celibacy which was required of the Roman Catholic priesthood. E. He rejected the Roman Catholics’ emphasis on the sacraments and the use of the trinity. 23. Why did Vladimir I prefer Orthodox Christianity to Roman Catholicism? A. He preferred to avoid the pitfalls of the veneration of icons. B. He believed that Roman Catholicism implied papal interference, while Orthodoxy embraced the control of the church by the state. C. He was not familiar with Roman Catholicism, because the Western form of Christianity had not penetrated into eastern Europe. D. He did not believe in clerical celibacy which was required of the Roman Catholic priesthood. E. He rejected the Roman Catholics’ emphasis on the sacraments and the use of the trinity. 24. In what year did the Ottoman Turks successfully capture Constantinople and bring the Byzantine Empire to a close? A. B. C. D. E. 1071 1326 1453 1501 1492 24. In what year did the Ottoman Turks successfully capture Constantinople and bring the Byzantine Empire to a close? A. B. C. D. E. 1071 1326 1453 1501 1492 25. Which of the following statements concerning the intellectual activity of the medieval West prior to the 8th century is most accurate? A. B. C. D. E. Classical rational traditions were actively united with Christian mysticism to carve out a new intellectual world. With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts. Universities rapidly created a new intellectual climate in which logic was applied to matters of Christian doctrine. All literacy and contact with the ancient culture was lost in the centuries following the fall of Rome. Western scholars achieved more during this period than their Islamic counterparts. 25. Which of the following statements concerning the intellectual activity of the medieval West prior to the 8th century is most accurate? A. B. C. D. E. Classical rational traditions were actively united with Christian mysticism to carve out a new intellectual world. With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts. Universities rapidly created a new intellectual climate in which logic was applied to matters of Christian doctrine. All literacy and contact with the ancient culture was lost in the centuries following the fall of Rome. Western scholars achieved more during this period than their Islamic counterparts. 26. Which of the following statements concerning the agricultural laborers of the medieval West is NOT true? A. They received protection and the administration of justice from their landlords. B. They were obligated to turn over part of their goods to remain on the land. C. They retained essential ownership of their houses. D. They could be bought and sold by their landlords. E. They had heavy obligations to their lords. 26. Which of the following statements concerning the agricultural laborers of the medieval West is NOT true? A. They received protection and the administration of justice from their landlords. B. They were obligated to turn over part of their goods to remain on the land. C. They retained essential ownership of their houses. D. They could be bought and sold by their landlords. E. They had heavy obligations to their lords. 27. What Frankish king was responsible for the conversion of his people to Christianity in order to gain a vague domination over the Franks? A. B. C. D. E. Charles Martel Clovis Charlemagne Pepin III Louis IX 27. What Frankish king was responsible for the conversion of his people to Christianity in order to gain a vague domination over the Franks? A. B. C. D. E. Charles Martel Clovis Charlemagne Pepin III Louis IX 28. The members of the military elite who received land in return for military service in the bands of the greater lords were called A. B. C. D. E. fiefs. benefices. vassals. serfs. lords. 28. The members of the military elite who received land in return for military service in the bands of the greater lords were called A. B. C. D. E. fiefs. benefices. vassals. serfs. lords. 29. Pope Gregory VII decreed the practice of investiture invalid. What was investiture? A. The practice whereby aristocrats dressed in bishops’ robes and attempted to rule in their place B. The practice of state appointment of bishops C. The practice of trying clerics in secular courts D. The state’s power to tax the clergy E. Loaning money at excessive interest to the church 29. Pope Gregory VII decreed the practice of investiture invalid. What was investiture? A. The practice whereby aristocrats dressed in bishops’ robes and attempted to rule in their place B. The practice of state appointment of bishops C. The practice of trying clerics in secular courts D. The state’s power to tax the clergy E. Loaning money at excessive interest to the church 30. Which of the following statements concerning the medieval economy is most true? A. Medieval economic thought and practice was of no consequence to later Western economic thinkers and actors. B. Medieval economics was a combination of capitalistic and feudal practices C. Medieval economics simply repeated the thought and practice of earlier economic thinkers. D. Medieval economics, overall, tended to discourage merchant activity and technical innovation. E. Medieval economic systems were based on global trade with China and India. 30. Which of the following statements concerning the medieval economy is most true? A. Medieval economic thought and practice was of no consequence to later Western economic thinkers and actors. B. Medieval economics was a combination of capitalistic and feudal practices C. Medieval economics simply repeated the thought and practice of earlier economic thinkers. D. Medieval economics, overall, tended to discourage merchant activity and technical innovation. E. Medieval economic systems were based on global trade with China and India. 31. The northern nomadic peoples who entered central Mexico following the decline of Teotihuacan were the A. B. C. D. E. Aztecs. Incas. Olmecs. Toltecs. Maya. 31. The northern nomadic peoples who entered central Mexico following the decline of Teotihuacan were the A. B. C. D. E. Aztecs. Incas. Olmecs. Toltecs. Maya. 32. Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Aztec rise to power? A. B. C. D. The increasing dominance of the nobility The emergence of a ruler with supreme powers The abandonment of human sacrifice The subsequent expansion of power and the boundaries of Aztec control E. A highly urbanized society 32. Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Aztec rise to power? A. B. C. D. The increasing dominance of the nobility The emergence of a ruler with supreme powers The abandonment of human sacrifice The subsequent expansion of power and the boundaries of Aztec control E. A highly urbanized society 33. The Aztec innovation in intensive agriculture in the aquatic environments of the lakes of central Mexico was the development of A. B. C. D. E. chinampas. pipiltin. quipus. calpulli. Pochteca. 33. The Aztec innovation in intensive agriculture in the aquatic environments of the lakes of central Mexico was the development of A. B. C. D. E. chinampas. pipiltin. quipus. calpulli. Pochteca. 34. The capital of the Inca empire was A. B. C. D. E. Cuzco. Chan Chan. Tihuanaco. Chichen Itza. Titicaca. 34. The capital of the Inca empire was A. B. C. D. E. Cuzco. Chan Chan. Tihuanaco. Chichen Itza. Titicaca. 35. The religious practice most closely associated with the state and the person of the Inca in Andean civilization was the cult of A. B. C. D. E. human sacrifice. the rain god. the sun. Quetzalcoatl. Twantinsuyu. 35. The religious practice most closely associated with the state and the person of the Inca in Andean civilization was the cult of A. B. C. D. E. human sacrifice. the rain god. the sun. Quetzalcoatl. Twantinsuyu. 36. In terms of the integration of a centralized empire, how did the Incas and Aztecs compare? A. B. C. D. E. The Aztecs and Incas both made little attempt to integrate conquered territories and permitted self-rule in return for loyalty and tribute. The Aztecs were more advanced than the Incas in consolidating their government into an integrated unit. The Incas attempted to create an over-arching political state and made conscious attempts to integrate their empire as a unit, while the Aztecs did less in this regard. Both the Incas and the Aztecs created fully integrated empires complete with central bureaucracies and military administrative units that controlled all conquered regions. To create their empires both allowed little variation from region to region and city to city. 36. In terms of the integration of a centralized empire, how did the Incas and Aztecs compare? A. B. C. D. E. The Aztecs and Incas both made little attempt to integrate conquered territories and permitted self-rule in return for loyalty and tribute. The Aztecs were more advanced than the Incas in consolidating their government into an integrated unit. The Incas attempted to create an over-arching political state and made conscious attempts to integrate their empire as a unit, while the Aztecs did less in this regard. Both the Incas and the Aztecs created fully integrated empires complete with central bureaucracies and military administrative units that controlled all conquered regions. To create their empires both allowed little variation from region to region and city to city. 37. The dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han was the A. B. C. D. E. Tang. Chou. Song. Sui. Qing. 37. The dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han was the A. B. C. D. E. Tang. Chou. Song. Sui. Qing. 38. Which of the following statements concerning the extent of the Tang empire is most accurate? A. B. C. D. E. The Tang extended the empire in all directions except westward, where the Turks remained entirely independent of the Chinese emperor. The Tang empire was unable to recover the territorial extent of the Han, but did recover northern areas from the nomads. The Tang empire incorporated India and southeast Asia as well as the areas north of the Yellow River plain. The Tang built an empire that was far larger than the Han, an empire whose boundaries in many directions extended beyond the borders of modern China. The Tang empire stopped expanding and was divided into three parts when a civil war broke out. 38. Which of the following statements concerning the extent of the Tang empire is most accurate? A. B. C. D. E. The Tang extended the empire in all directions except westward, where the Turks remained entirely independent of the Chinese emperor. The Tang empire was unable to recover the territorial extent of the Han, but did recover northern areas from the nomads. The Tang empire incorporated India and southeast Asia as well as the areas north of the Yellow River plain. The Tang built an empire that was far larger than the Han, an empire whose boundaries in many directions extended beyond the borders of modern China. The Tang empire stopped expanding and was divided into three parts when a civil war broke out. 39. What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the Buddhists? A. B. C. D. E. Confucianism emerged as the central ideology of Chinese civilization until the 20th century. Confucianism emerged in a strengthened condition, but still remained behind Buddhism in the sense of providing a basis for the intellectual rationale of Chinese civilization. Because Confucian scholar-gentry were associated with the persecution, Confucianism failed to generate much popular support outside the imperial government. Confucianism, like Buddhism, declined in popularity, and its place was taken by Daoism. Confucianism and Daoism blended with Buddhism to form a new philosophy. 39. What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the Buddhists? A. B. C. D. E. Confucianism emerged as the central ideology of Chinese civilization until the 20th century. Confucianism emerged in a strengthened condition, but still remained behind Buddhism in the sense of providing a basis for the intellectual rationale of Chinese civilization. Because Confucian scholar-gentry were associated with the persecution, Confucianism failed to generate much popular support outside the imperial government. Confucianism, like Buddhism, declined in popularity, and its place was taken by Daoism. Confucianism and Daoism blended with Buddhism to form a new philosophy. 40. How did the Song empire compare to the Tang? A. The Song empire was greater in territorial extent than the Tang empire. B. The Song empire and the Tang empire were virtually identical in territorial extent. C. The Song empire was smaller in territorial extent than the Tang empire. D. Although approximately the same size, the Song empire extended farther north than the Tang. E. The Song was larger than the Tang and Han. 40. How did the Song empire compare to the Tang? A. The Song empire was greater in territorial extent than the Tang empire. B. The Song empire and the Tang empire were virtually identical in territorial extent. C. The Song empire was smaller in territorial extent than the Tang empire. D. Although approximately the same size, the Song empire extended farther north than the Tang. E. The Song was larger than the Tang and Han. 41. In what way did foot-binding serve to diminish the independence of Chinese women by the end of the Song era? A. B. C. D. E. Because foot-binding could only be afforded by the elite, poorer women were assigned to a lower social status. Foot-binding sufficiently crippled women to effectively confine their mobility to their household. As foot-binding was required in order to practice certain professions, Chinese women found that occupational alternatives were diminished. Foot-binding, although considered socially attractive, was condemned by neo-Confucians. Upper-class women considered it high status and hoarded money to pay for it. 41. In what way did foot-binding serve to diminish the independence of Chinese women by the end of the Song era? A. B. C. D. E. Because foot-binding could only be afforded by the elite, poorer women were assigned to a lower social status. Foot-binding sufficiently crippled women to effectively confine their mobility to their household. As foot-binding was required in order to practice certain professions, Chinese women found that occupational alternatives were diminished. Foot-binding, although considered socially attractive, was condemned by neo-Confucians. Upper-class women considered it high status and hoarded money to pay for it. 42. What group was responsible for the fall of the southern Song dynasty in 1279? A. B. C. D. E. Jurchens Tanguts Liao Mongols XiXia 42. What group was responsible for the fall of the southern Song dynasty in 1279? A. B. C. D. E. Jurchens Tanguts Liao Mongols XiXia 43. What is the name of the nature spirits of Japan? A. B. C. D. E. Hapu Kami Hara-kiri Genji Heian 43. What is the name of the nature spirits of Japan? A. B. C. D. E. Hapu Kami Hara-kiri Genji Heian 44. What religion played a key role in the transmission of Chinese civilization to Japan? A. B. C. D. E. Buddhism Daoism Islam Christianity Hinduism 44. What religion played a key role in the transmission of Chinese civilization to Japan? A. B. C. D. E. Buddhism Daoism Islam Christianity Hinduism 45. Life in the imperial court at Heian was described in what Japanese novel? A. B. C. D. E. Ashikage Analects Tale of Genji Mirror of Lady Murasaki Romance of the Rose Essential of Salvation 45. Life in the imperial court at Heian was described in what Japanese novel? A. B. C. D. E. Ashikage Analects Tale of Genji Mirror of Lady Murasaki Romance of the Rose Essential of Salvation 46. How did the principles of warfare change under the daimyos? A. Heroic combat between champions remained the rule, but the weapon of choice changed from the bow to the curved sword. B. Peasant forces were reduced in significance, as they were replaced by professional soldiers. C. Warfare based on spying, timely assaults, wise command and organization of massive armies replaced heroic combat. D. The rise of gunpowder and cannon made the fortresses and castles of the warrior elite obsolete. E. They introduced new military techniques and strategies learned from contacts with Islamic traders. 46. How did the principles of warfare change under the daimyos? A. Heroic combat between champions remained the rule, but the weapon of choice changed from the bow to the curved sword. B. Peasant forces were reduced in significance, as they were replaced by professional soldiers. C. Warfare based on spying, timely assaults, wise command and organization of massive armies replaced heroic combat. D. The rise of gunpowder and cannon made the fortresses and castles of the warrior elite obsolete. E. They introduced new military techniques and strategies learned from contacts with Islamic traders. 47. What kingdom was successful in establishing a unified and independent government in Korea? A. B. C. D. E. Choson Silla Paekche Kyoto Khitan 47. What kingdom was successful in establishing a unified and independent government in Korea? A. B. C. D. E. Choson Silla Paekche Kyoto Khitan 48. Following the assertion of Vietnamese independence from China in the tenth century, what aspects of Chinese culture were retained by the Vietnamese rulers. A. Chinese family organization B. The Chinese administrative system based on the Confucian examination system C. A highly centralized administrative system manned by a powerful scholar-gentry D. The successful suppression of the peasantry E. Chinese popular culture, such as cockfights 48. Following the assertion of Vietnamese independence from China in the tenth century, what aspects of Chinese culture were retained by the Vietnamese rulers. A. Chinese family organization B. The Chinese administrative system based on the Confucian examination system C. A highly centralized administrative system manned by a powerful scholar-gentry D. The successful suppression of the peasantry E. Chinese popular culture, such as cockfights 49. The Mongol military forces were A. B. C. D. composed of a mixture of infantry and cavalry. entirely cavalry. entirely infantry. technologically inferior to most of their opponents. E. armed with firearms 49. The Mongol military forces were A. B. C. D. composed of a mixture of infantry and cavalry. entirely cavalry. entirely infantry. technologically inferior to most of their opponents. E. armed with firearms 50. Where was the capital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan? A. B. C. D. E. Samarkand Karakorum Tatu Khwarazm Cambolu 50. Where was the capital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan? A. B. C. D. E. Samarkand Karakorum Tatu Khwarazm Cambolu 51. Following Chinggis Khan’s death, what was the provision for the administration of the empire? A. It was divided into four regional kingdoms, or khanates, ruled by his sons and grandsons. B. It was centralized with a Mongol bureaucracy located at the Chinese capital of Tatu. C. The empire immediately fragmented into its constituent tribes and clans. D. It passed as a single government with its capital at Karakorum to Chinggis Khan’s oldest son. E. Mandarins from China were brought in to help administer the empire under the guidance of the grand khan. 51. Following Chinggis Khan’s death, what was the provision for the administration of the empire? A. It was divided into four regional kingdoms, or khanates, ruled by his sons and grandsons. B. It was centralized with a Mongol bureaucracy located at the Chinese capital of Tatu. C. The empire immediately fragmented into its constituent tribes and clans. D. It passed as a single government with its capital at Karakorum to Chinggis Khan’s oldest son. E. Mandarins from China were brought in to help administer the empire under the guidance of the grand khan. 52. Which of the khanates undertook the invasion of the Muslim heartland? A. B. C. D. E. Ilkhan khanate Karakorum khanate Chinese khanate Golden Horde Seljuk khanate 52. Which of the khanates undertook the invasion of the Muslim heartland? A. B. C. D. E. Ilkhan khanate Karakorum khanate Chinese khanate Golden Horde Seljuk khanate 53. In 1271, Kubilai Khan changed the name of the Mongol dynasty in China to A. B. C. D. E. Qin. Chin. Yuan. Ming. Sinkiang. 53. In 1271, Kubilai Khan changed the name of the Mongol dynasty in China to A. B. C. D. E. Qin. Chin. Yuan. Ming. Sinkiang. 54. What was one of the most important but unintended side effects of the Mongol drive to the west? A. The demographic blow to Eurasian populations caused by the Black Death B. The closing of the Silk Road and other major trade routes led to isolation of the East C. The tendency of the nomadic peoples to give up their lifestyle in preference for sedentary agriculture D. The progressive desiccation of the central Asian steppes E. The expansion of overseas trade to the Americas 54. What was one of the most important but unintended side effects of the Mongol drive to the west? A. The demographic blow to Eurasian populations caused by the Black Death B. The closing of the Silk Road and other major trade routes led to isolation of the East C. The tendency of the nomadic peoples to give up their lifestyle in preference for sedentary agriculture D. The progressive desiccation of the central Asian steppes E. The expansion of overseas trade to the Americas 55. Which of the following statements concerning the political fragmentation of the Arabic world in the 1400s is most accurate? A. B. C. D. E. After the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the emerging Ottoman Empire soon mastered most of the lands of the old caliphate plus the Byzantine corner. The political fragmentation caused by the fall of Baghdad lasted for several centuries under the decentralized administration of the Seljuk Turks. The Mongol conquests eliminated any form of centralized government in the Middle East until the 17th century. Following the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the Middle East became part of the colonial empire of the emerging feudal states of western Europe. The political system was chaotic for 300 years until the rise of a new political order under the Ottoman Turks. 55. Which of the following statements concerning the political fragmentation of the Arabic world in the 1400s is most accurate? A. B. C. D. E. After the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the emerging Ottoman Empire soon mastered most of the lands of the old caliphate plus the Byzantine corner. The political fragmentation caused by the fall of Baghdad lasted for several centuries under the decentralized administration of the Seljuk Turks. The Mongol conquests eliminated any form of centralized government in the Middle East until the 17th century. Following the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the Middle East became part of the colonial empire of the emerging feudal states of western Europe. The political system was chaotic for 300 years until the rise of a new political order under the Ottoman Turks. 56. What Chinese dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China? A. B. C. D. E. Chou Ming Han Tang Qing 56. What Chinese dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China? A. B. C. D. E. Chou Ming Han Tang Qing 57. What was the innovation launched by the Ming dynasty? A. Receiving tribute payments from Korea and Japan B. Extending their political control over Vietnam and Korea C. Use of a centralized bureaucracy but under the direct control of the emperor D. Mounting huge, state-sponsored trading expeditions throughout Asia and beyond E. The use of gunpowder weapons on both land and naval vessels 57. What was the innovation launched by the Ming dynasty? A. Receiving tribute payments from Korea and Japan B. Extending their political control over Vietnam and Korea C. Use of a centralized bureaucracy but under the direct control of the emperor D. Mounting huge, state-sponsored trading expeditions throughout Asia and beyond E. The use of gunpowder weapons on both land and naval vessels 58. In comparison to medieval culture, Renaissance culture was A. more concerned with Aristotelian philosophy. B. more concerned with things of the earthly world. C. disinterested in classical models. D. based less on urban vitality and expanding commerce. E. more other-worldly and religious. 58. In comparison to medieval culture, Renaissance culture was A. more concerned with Aristotelian philosophy. B. more concerned with things of the earthly world. C. disinterested in classical models. D. based less on urban vitality and expanding commerce. E. more other-worldly and religious. 59. What was the Western response to the problems of international trade that they experienced in 1400? A. B. C. D. E. Western nations halted trade with Asia and the East and became more dependent on European-produced commodities. Many nations sought to establish alliances with the Ottoman Empire in order to restore the trade routes. Overland trade routes through northern Russia were established to the East. Western nations began explorations of alternative routes to Asia that would bypass the Middle East and Muslim realms. They began to pull back from all but regional trade networks found in the eastern Mediterranean. 59. What was the Western response to the problems of international trade that they experienced in 1400? A. B. C. D. E. Western nations halted trade with Asia and the East and became more dependent on European-produced commodities. Many nations sought to establish alliances with the Ottoman Empire in order to restore the trade routes. Overland trade routes through northern Russia were established to the East. Western nations began explorations of alternative routes to Asia that would bypass the Middle East and Muslim realms. They began to pull back from all but regional trade networks found in the eastern Mediterranean. 60. The key theme of Polynesian culture from the 7th century to 1400 was A. the adoption of Japanese civilization in the island societies. B. the development of a uniform written script. C. contraction as a result of the world-wide epidemic of the 14th century. D. spurts of migration and conquest that spread beyond their original islands. E. large-scale expeditions of discovery which were aimed at establishing colonies in South America. 60. The key theme of Polynesian culture from the 7th century to 1400 was A. the adoption of Japanese civilization in the island societies. B. the development of a uniform written script. C. contraction as a result of the world-wide epidemic of the 14th century. D. spurts of migration and conquest that spread beyond their original islands. E. large-scale expeditions of discovery which were aimed at establishing colonies in South America.