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KP Geology 12 – Discussions and Resources Unit: Introduction to Geology Learning Intentions: Why Geology? Careers in Geology Our Universe and Planetary formation What is Geology? Time and Geology: A day in the life of..... What is the scientific method? How did the earth form? What was the early earth like? Internal structure of the earth Formation of the early atmosphere Our Universe’s Formation The Big Bang theory The Nebulae Hypothesis Earth vs. Other Planets Resources: http://www.structuralgeology.org/2010/02/podcasts-in-geology.html ( The present is the key to the past & climate on earth and mars) http://www.usgs.gov/corecast/ (Why do minerals matter & studying a prehistoric climate and ecosystem) http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_tarbuck_earth_8/19/5071/1298207.cw/index.htm (An introduction to Geology) KP Geology 12 – Discussions and Resources Unit: Earth’s Materials – Rocks and Minerals Learning Intentions: Minerals and their characteristics The rock cycle and Bowen’s reaction series Formation of igneous, sedimentary and igneous rocks What are minerals? How do minerals form (Biologic/ Geologic/ Evaporites/Ice) Atoms, elements and isotopes Mineral characteristics (color/streak/lustre/hardness/cleavage&fracture/crystals/specific gravity) (special properties) Identify minerals Silicates and the Silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons Non-silicate minerals The Rock Cycle The oldest rocks Energy on this planet and Volcanism Igneous Rocks What are they? Igneous rock textures How are igneous rocks classified? Intrusive vs. Extrusive Chemistry of Igneous rocks (Mafic/Felsic/Intermediate/Ultramafic) How do different types of Volcanoes/magma form? What are sedimentary rocks? The formation of sedimentary rocks – Weathering vs. Erosion vs. Lithification Clastic sedimentary rocks vs. Chemical/Precipitate Sedimentary features (ripple marks, mud cracks, varves) Depositional environment – Particle size vs. Shape vs. Sorting Fossils & Coal What are metamorphic rocks? How do metamorphic rocks form & formational features (temp vs. Pressure vs parent) Classifying metamorphic rocks (Foliated vs. Unfoliated) Where does metamorphism occur? (Contact vs. Regional metamorphism) Hydrothermal rocks and mineral deposits Resources: www.eos.ubc.ca/courses/eosc221/meta/metamorphic.html ( UBC Metamorphic rocks homepage) www.geolab.unc.edu/Petunia/IgMetAtlas/mainmenu.html ( Atlas of rocks minerals and textures) www.mcgrawhill.ca/olc/plummer (animation & discussion on how sediments are deposited) http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/%7Erdorsey/SedResources.html (Resources for Sedimentary Geologists) http://feeds2.feedburner.com/rockchips (The story of Albertasaurus & The career of... & The age of diamondiferous volcanoes) http://www.usgs.gov/corecast/ (Episode 11 – The geomagnetic shift) KP Geology 12 – Discussions and Resources Unit: The economics of Geology Learning Intentions: Understanding the location of Geologic Resources The effects & economics of extracting resources First Peoples and resources in British Columbia Types of mineral deposits and their origins (Evaporite vs. Placer vs. Hydrothermal vs. Volcanic) Ores and Economics The role of Geology in creating Petroleum Deposits What is Petroleum? How does porosity and permeability affect deposits? Reservoir rock and traps Environmental affects & First Peoples concerns The outlook in Canada Coal Formation & Extraction Environmental effects of coal & the Sydney Tar Ponds in Nova Scotia Reserves and Resources Economics of Coal Uranium and rare earth minerals Canada’s role as the largest producer in the world Candu reactors and nuclear power in Canada (six sites) The Chernobyl reactor Resources: www.klws.com/gold/gold.html (Site for the amateur gold prospector) www.NRCan.gc.ca/ (Site for information on Canada’s minerals and energy resources) www.energy.gov.ab.ca (Alberta’s energy resources including oil, natural gas, oil sands, coal and minerals) http://feeds2.feedburner.com/rockchips (Podcasts on Uranium in Southern Alberta & Geothermal energy new opportunities) http://www.usgs.gov/corecast/ (Podcasts on Coal and Human health & 90 Billion barrels of oil in Alaska & What’s up with sinkholes) KP Geology 12 – Discussions and Resources Unit: Plate Tectonics Learning Intentions: Earth’s Layers and Tectonic Plates Plate Tectonic Theory Seismics & Volcanism Earth’s layers & characteristics Plate Tectonic theory & Wegener Evidence Contemporary Evidence Pangaea/Panthallassa/The supercontinent cycle Earthquakes Elastic rebound theory & Isostasy Types of EQ waves Magnitude vs. Intensity (Mericalli vs. Richter scales) Seismographs & Time-Interval Graphs & Triangulation Understanding Earthquake risks Predicting Earthquakes & EQ damage How rocks behave & why (Brittle vs. Plastic stress) Fault and Joint behaviour and Features Resources: www.mcgrawhill.ca/olc/plummer (animations on P and S waves/shadowzones/Isostacy/orogeny) http://www.usgs.gov/corecast/ (Podcasts: Is something brewing in Yellowstone & How science helps communities survive EQ & USGS Global earthquake alert & What would a large EQ do to downtown LA?) http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_tarbuck_earth_8/19/5071/1298319.cw/index.html (Plate tectonic’s study guide) KP Geology 12 – Discussions and Resources Unit: Geologic Time Learning Intentions: The Geologic time scale Dating rocks Understanding the fossil record Determining relative age Principles of relative dating Examples of unconformities Fossil correlation Sequencing the major events in earth’s history Understanding Geologic time & it’s divisions Absolute age dating Isotopes and radiometric decay Using radiometric elements Radiocarbon dating Fossils Types of fossils Trace and index fossils Principles of evolution (natural selection, adaptive radiation, punctuated equilibrium) The development of life on earth Two conflicting theories Strombalites and NASA Mass extinctions and their role in evolution Resources: http://vearthquake.calstatela.edu/VirtualDating (Interactive demo of how radiometric dating works) www.talkorigins.org/origins/faqs/faq-youngearth.html (Explores creation/evolution contreversy & Geologic time) http://www.structuralgeology.org/2010/02/podcasts-in-geology.html (podcast: the key is the present to the past) http://www.usgs.gov/corecast/ (Podcast: studying the early climate) http://www.earth4567.com/talks/time/timenotes.pdf (Geologic time notes) http://www.slideshare.net/krferraro/geologic-time-notes-5268666 (Geologic time - our earth’s history slide show)