Download Evolution Guided Reading

EVOLUTION GUIDED READING—H
__________Score
Name________________________________
15.1 History of Evolutionary Thought
1. What is evolution?
2. On what are theories based?
3. Summarize Cuvier and Lyell’s geologic ideas.
4. How was Lamarck’s ideas on Evolution flawed? Give an example.
5. How did Wallace and Darwin collect evidence for their new theory?
6. ______________________________________________________________________is the phrase
that Darwin used to describe the process of evolution. Explain what this
means in terms of the evidence he saw.
7. ______________________________________________________is the mechanism for descent
with modification. Give the four supporting reasons for this and a brief
explanation of each
a.
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b.
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c.
d.
15.2 Evidence of Evolution
8. Give at least one example from each of the following (use bold-faced words):
Fossil Record
Biogeography
Anatomy and Embryology
Biological molecules
9. What does phylogeny help to visualize?
3.3 Evolution in Action
10. Explain the two possible explanations for the differences in the anoles.
a.
b.
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11. After DNA testing, which theory is supported and what is this type of
evolution called?
Divergence and Radiation
12. Divergent evolution is a process in which the descendants of a single
ancestor diversify into species that each fit different parts of the
environment.
Give an example:
13. Adaptive radiation is when a new species in a newly formed habitat rapidly
experience divergent changes and will fill many parts of the environment.
Make a model showing this phenomenon. Use a ‘geologic’ time line at the
bottom. (Hint: Use the anole picture in 15.12. Add a timeline at the bottom.)
Artificial Selection
14. Give two reasons why we use artificial selection.
a.
b.
16.1 Population Genetics and Speciation
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15. How are a bell curve and population genetics related? Make a model of a bell
curve.
16. ___________________________,
_____________________________________,
and
________________________________________________________________________________are
causes of variation in a population.
The Gene Pool
17. The gene pool and allelic frequency are related, but how?
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium---The Myth!
18. Why did I say that this equation is a myth?
16.2 Disruption of Genetic Equilibrium
19. Tell the benefits and drawbacks of mutations on populations.
Gene Flow
20. __________________________, when organisms move INTO a population, they may
bring genetic variation, mutations, diseases, new behaviors, and sometimes
alien (not native) species can out-compete local species for food, space, or
other resources. So this may be beneficial or harmful.
21. _________________________, when organisms EXIT (leave) their home population
and move to another location. This is often a strategy whereby the males in a
population leave their home range to avoid inbreeding, a condition that
sometimes results in a weakened gene pool in the offspring. This can also be
a result of overcrowding, dwindling food resources, lack of space especially
for ‘nesting’ sites, etc.
22. __________________________ is the process of genes moving from one population
(of a species) to another population. Give two examples of this:
_____________________________________ and ___________________________________________
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Genetic Drift
23. Explain the difference between the three population sizes’ allele frequency
and time (generations) in fig 16.5, p. 322. Use specific examples from the
graph. Refer to the ‘ban’ on immigration via the Hardy-Weinberg Principle.
EX:
Non-Random Mating
24. In the Hardy-Weinberg world, mates would be selected purely randomly.
However, that is usually not the case. Give one example of non-random
mating.
Sexual Selection
25. _____________________________ and _____________________________ are two traits in
birds that may indicate a good mate for the female. However, remember that
natural selection works on two factors in a population. They are:
_________________________________________ and _________________________________
Natural Selection
26. Define natural selection:
27. ___________________________, ___________________________, and _____________________
are three three types of natural selection disruptions.
28. Individuals with the ________________________form of the trait have the highest
fitness. Give one example:
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29. Individuals with either_______________________ variation have the greatest fitness
in a group. Give one example (be sure to give BOTH extremes):
30. _________________________________________are individuals that display a more
extreme form of a trait have greater fitness than individuals with an average
form of the trait. Give one example:
31. Make a graph for each of the following: Disruptive, Stabilizing, and
Directional Selection. Use a title and labels.
Formation of Species
Definition of a species: Can reproduce fertile offspring.
32. ____________________________, the process of forming new species, results in
closely related species AT THE BEGINNING. However, over time, species can
become quite ______________________________.
33. ____________________________ is the external appearance of an organism.
34. What is a problem with grouping organisms according to their morphology?
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Isolation and Speciation
35. ___________________________________ and ______________________________are two main
types of isolation. One is separated by distance and the other is separated by
chromosomal differences, timing in mating, or behavior differences.
36. Look at Fig 16.12. Are there any overlaps in times that more than one species
COULD mate if chromosomal, behavior differences were not an issue? If so,
which species?
Rates of Speciation
37. Compare/contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Give exampl
Compare/Contrast Rates of Speciation
Gradualism
Both
Punctuated
Equilibrium