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CELLS Structure & Function Review 1. Tell the 3 of the parts of the cell theory. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle 2. What is the function of the cell membrane? Controls what enters or leaves cell; When DNA is spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells chromatin it is called ____________. prokaryotes 3. Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes 4. Name the Cell PEOPLE German zoologist who concluded all animals are made of cells _______________________ Theodor Schwann English scientist who 1st saw “little boxes” in cork and called them cells ___________________ Robert Hooke Dutch microscope maker who was Van Leeuwenhoek first to observe LIVING cells _____________ 5. Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters Cell membrane or leaves the cell ___________________ Pulls chromosomes Centrioles during cell division __________________ Digests unwanted Lysosomes substances or cell parts _______________ Ribosomes Makes proteins ______________________ Nucleus Contains chromatin ___________________ 6. This storage space vacuole is a ___________. 7. All cells except bacteria are ____________. eukaryote prokaryote eukaryote 8. This organelle is the ____________ Rough ER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html 9. Name two organelles that assists with movement Cilia , flagella 10. Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell because it provides energy mitochondrion 11. Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________________ prokaryotes Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus 12. Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules. Phospholipids & proteins Name two other kinds of molecules are found in an animal cell membrane Sugars and steroids 13. Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made. nucleolus Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said to be ___________________ Selectively OR semi- permeable. 14. Tell which part does it? smooth ER Makes lipids for membranes _____________ Stores energy as ATP ___________________ Mitochondria Spread out DNA __________________ chromatin Modifies & transports proteins Rough ER made on its ribosomes ____________________ Regulates calcium levels in muscle cells ________________ Smooth ER Supports and protects plant cells ___________________ Cell wall Proteins are made on the __________ ribosomes in a cell. 15. In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin? Non-dividing dividing non-dividing 16. Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside chloroplasts _____________________ Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts 17. What’s the function? Mitochondria ____________________ burn glucose; make ATP Make proteins Ribosomes ___________________ Cell wall __________________ support; protection Golgi bodies ____________________ Package molecules for storage Centrioles or export ________________ Pull chromosomes apart during cell division Smooth ER Make ___________________ steroids in gland cells; regulate calcium in muscle cells; Break down toxins in liver 18. This structure is a __________ flagellum 19. Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Makes ATP ____________________ Controls what enters nuclear envelope or leaves the nucleus _________________ Cilia or flagella Help cell move __________________ Modify, sort, & package Golgi bodies substances for transport _________________ nucleolus Makes ribosomes ______________________ Nucleus Control center of cell ___________________ 20. Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- many, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer 21. Label the parts of the animal cell. B. D. C. A. E. ANIMAL CELL A. CYTOPLASM B. CELL MEMBRANE C. MITOCHONDRIA D. NUCLEUS E. VACUOLE 22. Label the parts of the plant cell. PLANT CELL A. A. CYTOPLASM B. CELL MEMBRANE B. C. MITOCHONDRIA D. NUCLEUS C. E. VACUOLE D. F. CELL WALL E. G. F. G. CHLOROPLAST 23. Tell which part does it? Contains genetic info __________________ nucleus cytoskeleton Give cell shape/support ____________ Few, long structures flagella for locomotion __________________ Provide more surface cristae area inside mitochondria _________________ chloroplast Place for photosynthesis __________________ vacuole Large storage space ___________________ 24. Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called rough ER. _________ Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome This organelle makes ATP. mitochondrion 25. Because the phospholipids in a cell membrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________. bilayer 26. _________ smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes attached The _______________ is made of cytoskeleton microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape. 27. The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________. polar polar nonpolar 28. What is the job of the ribosomes? Make proteins Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances for transport. Golgi body 29. Tell which part does it? smooth ER Breaks down toxins ____________________ Mitochondria Power plant ___________________ Scrunched up DNA __________________ chromosomes Allows molecules in & Nuclear pores out of nucleus ____________________ Sacs inside chloroplasts ________________ thylakoids Supports and protects Cell wall bacterial cells ___________________ http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm 30. Name the two types of proteins in the drawing. A. Integral B. Surface 31. What is the function of the Rough ER? Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes 32. This organelle is a _____________ Golgi Body http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm 33. What’s the function? modify/transport proteins rough ER ____________________ Contain DNA; control center nucleus ___________________ cytoskeleton __________________ support; give shape cell membrane ____________________ Control what enters/leaves cell chloroplast ________________ photosynthesis water, food, molecules, waste vacuole Stores ___________________ Make RNA for ribosomes nucleolus ________________________ 34. Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis thylakoids Name the folded membranes found inside mitochondria cristae 35. The blue part of this phospholipid is the hydrocarbon. It stays away from water because it is Non polar ______________. polar nonpolar http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm 36. Tell what this molecule does “self” identification 37.Tell what this molecule does Store and transfer energy 38. Put in order of increasing size: Organ cell organ system organism tissue organ tissue cell _______ _________ _________ organ system ______________ organism _____________ 39. Put the following cells in order of decreasing size: Bacterium Plant cell Animal cell Plant _________ ________ Animal _________ Bacterium small smaller smallest 40. True or False Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside 41.Name one of the functions of Smooth ER Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels, Break down toxic substances 42. A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called a _______________ tissue 43. Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike? Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes 44. Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes 45. Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes The amount of force the vacuole exerts against the cell wall Full vacuole = high turgor pressure = 46. What is turgor pressure? The amount of force the vacuole exerts against the cell wall Full vacuole = high turgor pressure 47. Name the two types of transport in living things. • ______________ PASSIVE TRANSPORT requires no energy ACTIVE • _____________ TRANSPORT requires energy 48. What happens in passive transport? HIGH molecules move from ______ concentration to ______concentration. LOW _______________ DIFFUSION 49. In diffusion particles keep moving until concentration is equal. This is called EQUILIBRIUM _________________. 50. List two molecules that pass through bilayer by DIFFUSION oxygen, carbon dioxide Ex.___________________ OSMOSIS • 51. Movement of water molecules through a membrane is called _____________ OSMOSIS OSMOSIS 52. When the Concentration outside cell equals the concentration inside the cell isotonic is said to be ____________. STAYS THE SAME SIZE OSMOSIS 53. When the concentration outside the cell is greater than inside, solution is said to be ____________________ HYPERTONIC When the cell shrinks it is called _____________ PLASMOLYSIS OSMOSIS 54. When the concentration is less outside than HYPOTONIC solution. inside it is in a ______________ If the cell expands and bursts it is called ___________________ CYTOLYSIS 55. Describe FACILITATED DIFFUSION. PASSIVE (No energy needed) HIGHER TO LOWER CARRIER PROTEINS GRAB & FLIP IT ACROSS GLUCOSE EXAMPLE: _________________ 56. Describe ION CHANNELS • PASSIVE (No energy needed) • HIGHER TO LOWER • CARRIER PROTEINS MAKE A PASSAGEWAY • Examples in cells: _______________________ Na+ , Cl- , Ca + + , K + 57. List three types of active transport. ALL REQUIRE ATP SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS 58. Describe SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP • ACTIVE (Uses energy) • USES CARRIER PROTEIN • Examples in cells: 3 Na+ pumped & 2 K + into cells 59. Explain and draw Endocytosis Brings substances into cell • ACTIVE • VESICLES CARRY MOLECULES INTO CELL – Fluid, molecules = Pinocytosis – large particles or whole cells = Phagocytosis Macrophages engulf invaders 60. Explain and draw Exocytosis. Substances are released outside of cell • ACTIVE • VESICLES CARRY & RELEASE MOLECULES • Examples in cells: – GOLGI BODIES release packaged proteins 61. Why does surface area to volume play such a big part in cell success? • Limited in size by the RATIO between their Outer Surface Area and Their Volume. A small cell has more efficient diffusion of nutrients into the cell and efficient diffusion of waste out Cells are Small Reason 2: • THE CELL'S NUCLEUS (THE BRAIN) CAN ONLY CONTROL A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF LIVING, ACTIVE CYTOPLASM.
