Download iii. prototype model of developed system

Gas leak Detection,Monitoring and Prevention.
Puran Gour1 (Professor), Bhausaheb Sonawane2 (P.G.Student)
1, 2 NRI
College, E & C Department, Bhopal, India
Email1: [email protected]
Email2: [email protected]
Abstract— Liquefied petroleum gas leaks can happen inside a home, commercial premises, gas powered vehicle
and in gas transportation vehicles. Leakage of this gas can be dangerous as it raises the risk of building fire or an
explosion, Catastrophe will be occurred. The causality caused by this hazard is still common news in media. The
developed system gives the alarm after detection of the presence of gas, GPS Receiver to locate the location ,Gas
leakage can be controlled by valve and by using wireless communication module Continuous real time monitoring
of Leak Gas.
keywords— Microcontroller, Global Positioning System, sensors, wireless communication..
I. INTRODUCTION
LPG is commonly used in homes for central heating, hot- water, gas fires, cooking and in mobile heaters
for leisure activities such as boats, caravans and barbecues .This energy Source is primarily composed of
propane and butane which is highly flammable chemical compounds.gas leakage in industries, leakage from
gas transport system. The danger of LPG, Co gases arising from two aspects, one is the toxicity of these
gases themselves, the other side is that the accumulation of these gases will easy be ignited. The position of
gas tank or pipeline is usually fixed, so it is easy to inspect, yet the fire site is random, and it will be difficult
for inspection. The danger of the CO gas is the same as the LPG and others dangerous gas in the
environment. The rapid growing population and economic development is leading to a number of
environmental issues in India because of the uncontrolled growth of urbanization and industrialization,
expansion and massive intensification of agriculture, and the destruction of forests. Major environmental
issues are forest and agricultural degradation of land, resource depletion (water, mineral, forest, sand, rocks
etc.), environmental degradation, public health, loss of biodiversity, loss of resilience in ecosystems,
livelihood security for the poor Road dust due to vehicles also contributing more and more air pollution.
The wire-based techniques connect the sensors along the pipelines with wires. Monitoring information
measured by each sensor is transmitted to the monitoring control center through these wires. Nevertheless,
the wire-based monitoring systems are vulnerable to damage in any part of the networks and the deployment
cost in an underground scenario is very expensive.
In highly risky industries like gas, petroleum industries the accidents by leakage will occur within fraction of
seconds, so we cannot control it immediately. Developed Monitoring system give the advantages to users
such that they can monitor the situation of the room or the place where leakage occurrence may happen at
safe distance continuously also system gives the alarm after detection of the presence of gas, GPS Receiver to
locate the location, Gas leakage can be controlled by valve and by using wireless communication module
Continuous real time monitoring of Leak Gas.
II.BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DEVELOPED SYSTEM
\
Display
ARM
Max232
MQ-6
Sensor
ZIGBEE
Module
Alarm
GPS
Exhaust
Fan
Valve
Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram of System (Transmitter)
Figure 2: Functional Block Diagram of System (Receiver)
As the power supply is ON, ARM Microcontroller checks the concentration of gas is within safe level if it
beyond safe level (safety level is programmable) then ARM Microcontroller not only immediately activates
buzzer but also switch on the exhaust fan so that the gases are sent out and GPS receiver gives location of gas
tanker on LCD as well as on PC. Exhaust fan does not produce spark, so it is absolutely safe. This is followed
by energizing the normally open LPG safe valve so that it is close and no more gas leaks. Suitable driver
circuits have to be designed for activating the valve and exhaust fan using relays. An additional inverter may
be required to interface domestic exhauster so that it can operate in parallel with it even during power failure
and eliminates need for two exhaust fan. Gas Leak is monitored live on a screen. If gas leakage is beyond
500 ppm then further gas leakage is prevent or control by automatically operated protective valve.
ARM's architecture is compatible with all four major platform operating systems: Symbian
OS, Palm OS, Windows CE, and Linux. ARM is the industry standard embedded Microcontroller
architecture, and is a leader in low-power high performance cores. ARM also has a large partner network
supporting the entire design and development cycle. ARM is a full-solutions provider, supporting a broad
range of applications
The LPG sensor to detect the presence of a dangerous LPG leak in our home or in a service
Station, storage tank environment and even in vehicle which uses LPG gas as its fuel.MQ-6 gas sensor is
used to sense the poisonous gas and has high sensitivity to LPG and also response to Natural Gas. The sensor
has excellent sensitivity combined with a Quick response time. When the target combustible gas exist, the
sensor’s conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising. The XBee family of ZigBee/802.15.4
RF modules is the best option for outstanding wireless performance in a low cost. Each XBee module comes
in either a normal or long-range PRO version. ZigBee/802.15.4 compatible RF Modules, 2.4 GHz ISM band
for use worldwide Fully interoperable with other Digi Drop-in Networking products, including gateways,
device adapters and extenders, Available in Series 1 or Series 2 models for point-to-multipoint or mesh
topologies, Pin-swappable regular and long-range –PRO versions, Low cost Common footprint for a variety
of Digi RF modules, Low-power sleep modes, Multiple antenna options Industrial temperature
(-40º C to 85º C). GPS Receiver can compute location, velocity and time from the signals that are transmitted
by Satellites. The Trace ME contains very sensitive receiver that tracks up to 12 satellites simultaneously.
Trace ME has a built in GPS Receiver. The accuracy of GPS Strongly depends on number and position of
available satellites. If receiver has clear view at the sky, position accuracy is about 5 meters. When view is
blocked by e.g. large buildings or trees accuracy will degrade.
The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for
use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the
RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a
single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. The MAX232 from Maxim was the
first IC which in one package contains the necessary drivers (two) and receivers (also two), to adapt the RS232 signal voltage levels to TTL logic.
III. PROTOTYPE MODEL OF DEVELOPED SYSTEM
Figure 3: Photograph of Prototype Model
IV.RESULTS
Table I Results of System Components
Gas
Voltage
Concentration
Range
≤500ppm
≤1.3 V
Functions Performed
Alarm. Valve, Exhaust Fan is Off. Real Time
Monitoring of Concentration of Gas Graphically on
GPS Co-ordinates Absent on
Real time Gas leak monitoring
Graph
PC Using Zigbee Module
>500ppm
>1.3 V
Alarm. Valve, Exhaust Fan is ON. Real Time
Monitoring of Concentration of Gas Graphically on
PC Using Zigbee Module.
GPS Co-ordinates Present on
Real time Gas leak monitoring
Graph
Photograph 1: Real time monitoring of gas leakage at remote centre
Photograph 1: Complete Graph of gas leakage
V.CONCLUSIONS
Gas leakage is one of the major problems in Industrial sectors. Designed System helps in
identifying the gas leakage in working atmosphere, in different Gas Tanker which has a fixed position in
Industries or in movable gas Tanker on Highways and also gives exact the location of that Movable Gas
tanker and the intimation is given through a text including GPS Co-ordinates and Concentration of Gas via
Xbee. Gas leak monitored live on a screen
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