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programs.
Specific Achievement Objectives
This topic will help students to:
The relationship among operating
systems, application programs, and user
files
 Understand more on the relationship
At the end of this section, students will be able
amongst operating systems, application
to:
programs and user files.
(a)
 Identify different types and features of
common
operating
systems
operating system, application programs
for
computers..
and peripherals.
(b)
 Understand more on the data files created
by various application software.
Describe the flow of data among the
Distinguish between an operating system,
application programs and data files.
(c)
State
the
data
files
and
their
corresponding application programs.
Expected Prior Knowledge
(d)
Understand that the installation of
application
 Able to open file and save file in
programs
requires
an
operating system.
Microsoft Word, Excel, Access and
PowerPoint.
 Able to discuss in the Web discussion
Common
operating
computers
systems
for
group.
 Able to surf on the Web.
At the end of this section, students will be able
to:
Suggested Teaching Duration
(a)
Identify different types and features of
operating system, such as:
 5 periods
Content of This Topic
The sections in this topic are:
 The relationship among operating systems,
application programs, and user files.
 Common operating systems for computers
(I)
Windows 98
(II)
Windows NT
(III)
Windows 2000
(IV)
Mac OS
(V)
Novell's Netware
(VI)
Unix
(VII)
Linux
(VIII) Windows CE
(b)
 Data files created by various application
Select appropriate operating systems for
different scenarios.
2.2 - 1
Different
files
created
by
various
application programs
At the end of this section, students will be able
to:
(a)
Distinguish different types of data files
created by various application program
Students pretend to start a small company.
by file extension:
They are required to select an appropriate
 Word processing, text file
.doc, .rtf, .txt
 Spreadsheet software
.XLS, .WKS
operating system for the company. A debate is
to be held in class about the appropriate
selection. After the debate, students should
answer the questions in the project worksheet.
 Presentation Graphics
.ppt
Pass
 Database software
.dat, .dbf and .mdb
To achieve a pass, students should demonstrate
considerable effort and skill in some areas.
Teachers
should
use
their
professional
judgment to decide what is a reasonable
expectation of students and whether the stated
quality and sufficiency requirements were met.
Students should produce brief but clear notes
to explain the choice of operating system.
Students should base on the compatibility,
price and expertise of personnel to make their
choice. Students should show that they are
well prepared for the debate.
Merit
To achieve a merit, students' work should be of
good quality and must clearly and accurately
explain their choice. Students should show
understanding of different operating systems.
They should show that they have sufficient
knowledge to comment on operating systems
other than their choices.
2.2 - 2
The appropriate
wording and tone for the debate is required.
Distinction
This topic focuses on the basic understanding
To achieve a distinction, students should give
of relationship amongst operating systems,
sensible answers for the questions on the
application programs and data files.
project
requirement
worksheet.
The
explanation
for
and
dependence
The
amongst
alternation of their choices and forecasting of
operating systems, application program and
their choices should be supported by sensible
data files are also the objectives of this topic.
reasons or evidence.
Students should
The core concern of this topic is to identify and
demonstrate that they can work independently
to use different operating systems of a
to produce their work to agreed deadline.
computer appropriately.
Students should have checked the validity and
accuracy of their work and information
Assisted by the Animation 2.2.1, teachers can
selected.
demonstrate the data flow among operating
systems, application programs and peripherals.
The generation of data files is also introduced
here. Teachers should explain more about the
role of operating systems and application
programs with the help of the animation.
2.2.1
Teachers can use Photo2.1.1a to motivate
students. Teachers can ask what is shown in
the photo. Through the discussion, teachers
should
correct
the
students
who
give
application programs as their answers. The
teachers should emphasize that the picture
shows an operating system. In activities 2.1.1,
it asks students to distinguish different types of
operating systems and application programs.
Teachers are suggested to spend 10 minutes in
this activity.
2.2 - 3
In order to know more about different types of
"Menu Bar→ View→ Detail" to view the
operating systems,
file type of each file. Moreover, students
should select Menu Bar→ View→ options
students are asked to
search on the Internet, stick a piece of
information from the Internet or a newspaper
cutting about the given operating system on the
worksheet of activity 2.2.2.
2.2.2
and deselect "hidden file suffix of the file".
Teachers are suggested to spend 40
minutes in this activity.
Teachers can use the interactive simulation
program 2.2.3a to consolidate what the
students learnt in this topic. In the game,
students should drag and drop the name of
In order to know more about different
types of operating systems, students are
asked to search on the Internet, stick a
different types of operating system,
application software and data files. For
incorrect sequence or misuse of software,
piece of information from the Internet or a
newspaper cutting about the given
operating system on the worksheet of
activity 2.2.2.
an alert message will be prompted out to
guide students to go to the appropriate way.
Teachers are suggested to spend about 20
to 30 minutes in this activity.
Students are asked to fill in the comparison
table about different features of various
A scenario of starting a small company
with several different types of personal
operating system. If the information that
students searched are not sufficient enough,
teachers can advise students to go to the
corresponding operating discussion group
and ask for the solution. Teachers are
suggested to spend 40 minutes in this
activity.
computer is given. Students are required to
select an appropriate operating system for
the company. A debate among different
groups is to be held in the class after
one-week preparation. Each group should
give reasons to support their choice. After
their discussion students are required to
answer the questions given in the project
sheet.
2.2.3
In this activity, students are asked to create
different files by different application
software and use the window explorer to
investigate the file type of each file.
Teachers should remind students to select
Teachers can use the enrichment
discussion questions to discuss some
advanced knowledge in the class.
2.2 - 4
operating system recognizes a new device and
assists in its installation.
4. Describe Memory management of
the operating system.
1. Differentiate between an operating
system and an application program.
The operating system assigns the operating
system
kernel,
application
program
instructions, data, and intermediate results to
An operating system is a combination of
areas of memory. Data that has just been read
programs that coordinates the actions of a
into memory or is waiting to be sent to an
computer, including its peripheral devices and
output device is stored in areas called buffers.
memory.
It enables people to control the
At least some portion of memory is allocated
movement, storage and retrieval of data and
for fixed areas called partitions, which are
information. An application program consists
used to store the operating system and
of several programs working together.
programs and their related data.
Virtual
memory management increases the amount of
2. Describe the process management of
the operating system.
memory by using a set amount of disk space to
store items during processing, in addition to
the existing memory.
In operating system terms, a process is a
program or part of a program that can be
executed separately. Single tasking operating
systems allow only one user to run one
program at a time. Multitasking operating
systems allow the computer to work on more
than one process at a time.
3. Describe
input
and
output
management of operating system.
The operating system manages input and
output processes differently depending on the
device.
Spooling increases both CPU and
printer efficiently. The operating system uses
programs
called
device
drivers
to
communicate with each input and output
device. With Plug and Play technology, the
2.2 - 5
2.2.1(Page 1)
Time allowed: 10 minutes
Equipment: A personal computer
Description
 Students should distinguish the following software in the categories of operating systems
 and application programs.
 A picture is shown on page 2.
 Something is hidden in the picture.
 Students are required to distinguish whether the given software is an operating system or
application programs.
 Each numbered polygon represents one software.
 If the software represented is an application program, students are required to paint it black.
 If the software represented is an operating system, students are required to paint it blue.
 Question 1 has been done as an example.
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
WinZip
Lotus 1-2-3
Norton Anti-virus
Windows 98
Paintbrush
Unix
Photoshop
Dreamweaver
2.
4.
6.
8.
10.
12.
14.
16.
18.
20.
Microsoft PowerPoint
Linux
Microsoft Access
Microsoft NT
Internet Explorer
Netscape Communicator
Mac OS
Novell Netware
Windows 2000
Flash
2.2 - 6
2.2.1(Page 2)
Name: ____________________________________
Class: _________________________(__________)
Date: _____________________________________
Something is hidden in the following picture. Try to find it out!
If the software represented is an application program, paint it black.
If the software represented is an operating system, paint it blue.
Question 1 has been done as an example.
What have you seen? _________________________________
2.2 - 7
2.2.2(Page 1)
Time allowed: 40 minutes
Description
Part A
 Students should search on the Internet or a newspaper cutting about one of the operating system.
 Stick the piece of information in the space provided in page 2
Part B
 Students should fill in the comparison table for different operating systems with word given.
 One word can be used more than once.
 Students can go to corresponding Web sites or newsgroup to find the solution
2.2 - 8
2.2.2(Page2)
Name: ___________________________________
Class: ________________________(__________)
Date: ____________________________________
Part A
Stick the piece of information here!
2.2 - 9
2.2.2 (Page 3)
Fill in the correct word for the relevant operating system.
Note: one word can be used more than once.
Multi-user,
Runs on Apple Macintosh computers only,
For Handheld computing devices,
User and account system security,
Network OS,
Text-base user interface.
Graphical user interface,
Free of charge,
Single-user,
Runs on all kinds of computers,
OS
Features
Windows
NT
Windows
98
Mac OS
Linux
Unix
Novell
Netware
Windows
CE
2.2 - 10
2.2.3(Page 1)
Time allowed: 40 minutes
Description

Students are requested to create different files with various application programs.

Open Microsoft Word, type several words and save as
(a) Word document
(b) Text file
(c) RTF file
With name file1,file2 and file3 respectively.

Open MS PowerPoint, create one page of slide and save as
(a) PowerPoint presentation
(b) With name file4

Open MS Excel, create a spreadsheet and save as
(a) Excel Spreadsheet
(b) With name file5

Open MS Access, create a database and save as
(a) Access database
(b) With name file6

Open File Explorer.

Select “Menu Bar View Detail” to view the file type of each file.

Students select Menu Bar View options and deselect “hidden file suffix of the file”.

Note the file suffix of the file created.
2.2 - 11
2.2.3 (Page 2)
Name: __________________________________
Class: _______________________(__________)
Date: ___________________________________
Write down file suffix for corresponding files
File1:_________________
File2:_________________
File3:_________________
File4:_________________
File5:_________________
File6:________________
2.2 - 12
2.2.1(Page 1)
Time expected: 1.5 weeks

Students are supposed to start a small company. The company uses several different types of
personal computers.

Students should decide the operating system that will be used with each computer.

Based on the criteria of the company’s purpose, the expertise of personnel, the application software
used and the need for compatibility, students should select an appropriate operating system.

Students with same selection should be grouped together.

After one-week preparation, hold a debate in class about the selections.

Each group should give as many reasons as possible to support their choice.

After the debate, answer the questions at page 2.
2.2 - 13
2.2.1(Page 2)
Name: ___________________________________
Class: ________________________(__________)
Date: ____________________________________
After the debate in class, answer the following questions.
Question 1:
After the debate, have you changed your selection? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Question 2:
Would it be different if you have made a choice five years ago? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2.2 - 14
Types of computer software
The relationship amongst operating systems, application programs, user files via the supervisor, OS manages the
CPU and directs other programs to perform tasks to support applications programs. The operating system keeps
track of locations in main memory where programs and data are stored (memory management). The operating
system then moves data and programs back and forth between main memory and secondary storage (swapping).
Common operating systems for computers.
Windows 98
It runs typically only for one user at a time. Despite the fact that these users might be different, the system on your
bench handles only one request of a single user at a time, hence, is called single-user operating system
Windows 98 (called "Memphis" during development and previously called "Windows 97" based on an earlier
schedule) is a widely-installed product in Microsoft's evolution of the Windows operating system for personal
computers.
Windows NT
Windows NT is the Microsoft Windows personal computer operating system designed for users and businesses
needing advanced capability. Windows NT (which may originally have stood for "New Technology," although
Microsoft doesn't say) are actually two products: Microsoft NT Workstation and Microsoft NT Server.
Mac OS
The Macintosh operating system (Mac OS) runs only on Apple Macintosh computers or Mac clones.
Novell's NetWare
NetWare is a popular network operating system(NOS) for coordinating microcomputer-based local area networks
(LANs) throughout a company or a campus.
2.2 - 15
Unix
Unix is a multitasking operating system for multiple users that has built-in networking capability and versions that
can run on all kinds of computers
Linux
Linux is a Unix like operating system running on PCs and workstations. Its source code is open and Linux can be
freely downloaded from Internet.
Windows CE
Windows CE is greatly slimmed-down version of Windows 95 for handheld computing devices.
Data files created by various application programs
Filenames used for the PC, but not for the Macintosh, have extension name, or three-letter tags, which are usually
inserted automatically by the application software. These extensions are added on after a period following the
filename.
Word processing or Desktop publishing programs

DOC
Spreadsheet software

XLS, .WKS
Presentation Graphics

.PPT
Database software

DAT, .DBF and .MDB
Reference URLs:
http://www.microsoft.com/windows Microsoft Windows System.
http://www.apple.com Apple Computer Ltd.
http://www.novell.com Novell System.
http://www.linux.org Linux System.
http://www.ugu.com Official homepage for Unix System Administrators
2.2 - 16