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NCP1653(PFC controller)
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NCP1653, NCP1653ACompact, Fixed?Frequency,Continuous ConductionMode PFC Controller
The NCP1653 is a controller designed for Continuous ConductionMode (CCM) Power Factor
Correction (PFC) boost circuits. Itoperates in the follower boost or constant output
voltage in 67 or 100kHz fixed switching frequency. Follower boost offers the benefits
ofreduction of output voltage and hence reduction in the size and costof the inductor
and power switch. Housed in a DIP?8 or SO?8package, the circuit minimizes the number
of external componentsand drastically simplifies the CCM PFC implementation. It
alsointegrates high safety protection features. The NCP1653 is a driverfor robust
and compact PFC stages.
Features
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MARKING DIAGRAMS
8
1PDIP?8P SUFFIXCASE 6268
SO?8D SUFFIXCASE 751
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NCP1653
AWLYYWW118
NCP1653A
AWLYYWW
??????????????????
IEC1000?3?2 Chttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697compliant
Continuous Conduction Mode
Average Current?Mode or Peak Current?Mode OperationConstant Output Voltage or
Follower Boost OperationVery Few External Components
Fixed Switching Frequency: 67 kHz = NCP1653A, 100 kHz = NCP1653Soft?Start Capability
VCC Undervoltage Lockout with Hysteresis (8.7 / 13.25 V)Overvoltage Protection (107%
of Nominal Output Level)
Undervoltage Protection or Shutdown (8% of Nominal Output Level)Programmable
Overcurrent ProtectionProgrammable Overpower Limitation
Thermal Shutdown with Hysteresis (120 / 150_C)Pb?Free Packages are AvailableTV &
MonitorsPC Desktop SMPSAC Adapters SMPS
A suffixAWL, L
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YY, YWW, WG= 67 kHz option
= Assembly Location= Wafer Lot= Year
= Work Week
= Pb?Free Package
PIN CONNECTIONS
FBVcontrolInCSVCCDrvGndVM
Typical Applications
ORDERING INFORMATION://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c
ACSee detailed ordering and shipping information in the packagedimensions section
on page 18 of this data sheet.
? Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2005
1
December, 2005 ? Rev. 4
Publication Order Number:
NCP1653/D
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
Figure 2. Functional Block Diagram
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Pin1
SymbolFB / SD
NameFeedback /Shutdown
Function
This pin receives a feedback current IFB which is proportional to the PFC circuit
output voltage.The current is for output regulation, output overvoltage protection
(OVP), and output undervoltage protection (UVP).
When IFB goes above 107% Iref, OVP is activated and the Drive Output is disabled.When
IFB
goes
below
8%
Iref,
the
device
enters
lhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cow?consumption
a
shutdown
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mode.The voltage of this pin Vcontrol directly controls the input impedance and hence
the power factor of the circuit. This pin is connected to an external capacitor
Ccontrol to limit the Vcontrolbandwidth typically below 20 Hz to achieve near unity
power factor.
The device provides no output when Vcontrol = 0 V. Hence, Ccontrol also works as a
soft?startcapacitor.
This pin sinks an input?voltage current Ivac which is proportional to the RMS input
voltage Vac.The current Ivac is for overpower limitation (OPL) and PFC duty cycle
modulation. When theproduct (IS?Ivac) goes above 3 nA2, OPL is activated and the Drive
Output duty ratio is reducedby pulling down Vcontrol indirectly to reduce the input
power.
This pin sources a current IS which is proportional to the inductor current IL. The
sense currentIS is for overcurrent protection (OCP), overpower limitation (OPL) and
PFC duty cycle://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697car
modulation. When IS goes above 200 mA, OCP is activated and the Drive Output is
disabled.This pin provides a voltage VM for the PFC duty cycle modulation. The input
impedance of thePFC circuit is proportional to the resistor RM externally connected
to this pin. The device operates in average current?mode if an external capacitor
CM is connected to the pin. Otherwise, it operates in peak current?mode.?
This pin provides an output to an external MOSFET.
This pin is the positive supply of the device. The operating range is between 8.75
V and 18 Vwith UVLO start threshold 13.25 V.
2
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Vcontrol
Control Voltage /Soft?Start
3In
Input VoltageSense
4CS
Input CurrentSenseMultiplier Voltage
5
VM
678
GNDDrvVCC
The IC GroundDrive OutputSupply Voltage
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating
FB, Vcontrol, In,http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c CS, VM Pins
(Pins 1?5)Maximum Voltage RangeMaximum Current
Drive Output (Pin 7)
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Maximum Voltage Range
Maximum Current Range (Note 2)Power Supply Voltage (Pin 8)Maximum Voltage
RangeMaximum Current
Power Dissipation and Thermal CharacteristicsP suffix, Plastic Package, Case 626
Maximum Power Dissipation @ TA = 70°CThermal Resistance Junction?to?Air
D suffix, Plastic Package, Case 751
Maximum Power Dissipation @ TA = 70°CThermal Resistance Junction?to?AirOperating
Junction Temperature RangeStorage Temperature Range
SymbolVmaxImaxVmaxImaxVmaxImax
Value?0.3 to
1.5?0.3 to
9100?0.3 to
18
18
100
UnitVmAVAVmA
PDRqJAPDRqJATJTstg
800100450178?40 to
mW°C/WmW°C/W°C°C
125?65 to
150
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1.Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Exposure
to
these
conditions
or
conditihttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cons beyond those
indicated may adversely affect device reliability. Functional operation under
absolute maximum?rated is not implied. Functional operationshould be restricted to
the Recommended Operating Conditions.
A.This device series contains ESD protection and exceeds the following tests:
Pins 1?8:Human Body Model 2000 V per MIL?STD?883, Method 3015.
Machine Model Method 190 V.
B.This device contains Latchup protection and exceeds ±100 mA per JEDEC Standard
JESD78.2.Guaranteed by design.
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (For typical values TJ = 25°C. For min/max values, TJ
= ?40°C to
125°C, VCC = 15 V,
IFB = 100 mA, Ivac = 30 mA, IS = 0 mA, unless otherwise specified)
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Characteristics
OSCILLATORSwitching Frequency
Maximum
Duty
Cycle
(VM
=
0
V)
(Note
3)GATE
Dhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cRIVE
Gate Drive Resistor
Output High and Draw 100 mA out of Drv pin (Isource = 100 mA)Output Low and Insert
100 mA into Drv pin (Isink = 100 mA)Gate Drive Rise Time from 1.5 V to 13.5 V (Drv
= 2.2 nF to Gnd)Gate Drive Fall Time from 13.5 V to 1.5 V (Drv = 2.2 nF to Gnd)Reference
Current (VM = 3 V)Regulation Block RatioVcontrol Pin Internal Resistor
Maximum Control Voltage (IFB = 100 mA)Maximum Control Current (Icontrol(max) = Iref
/ 2)Feedback Pin Voltage (IFB = 100 mA)Feedback Pin Voltage (IFB = 200 mA)Overvoltage
ProtectionOVP Ratio
Current ThresholdPropagation Delay
Undervoltage Protection (VM = 3 V)UVP Activate Threshold RatioUVP Deactivate
Threshold RatioUVP Lockout HysteresisPropagation DelayCURRENT SENSE
Current Sense Pin Offset Voltage (IS = 100 mA)Overcurrent Protection Threshold (VM
= 1 V)OVERPOWER LIMITATION
Input
Voltage
Sense
Pin
Internal
ResistorOver
Lhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cimitation Threshold
Power
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Sense Current Threshold (Ivac = 30 mA, VM = 3 V)Sense Current Threshold (Ivac = 100
mA, VM = 3 V)CURRENT MODULATION
PWM Comparator Reference Voltage
Multiplier Current (Vcontrol = Vcontrol(max), Ivac = 30 mA, IS = 25 mA)Multiplier
Current (Vcontrol = Vcontrol(max), Ivac = 30 mA, IS = 75 mA)Multiplier Current
(Vcontrol = Vcontrol(max) / 10, Ivac = 30 mA, IS = 25 mA)Multiplier Current (Vcontrol
= Vcontrol(max) / 10, Ivac = 30 mA, IS = 75 mA)THERMAL SHUTDOWN
Thermal Shutdown Threshold (Note 3)Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis3.Guaranteed by
design.
??
TSD?
150?
?30
??
°C°C
55
VrefIM1IM2IM3IM4
2.251.03.21030
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2.622.859.535103.5
2.755.81858180
VmAmAmAmA
43?44
Rvac(int)IS × IvacIS(OPL1)IS(OPL2)
??8024
123.010032
??14048
kWnA2mAmA://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cr
44
VSIS(OCP)
0185
10200
30215
mVmA
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7
ROHROL
771122211
IOVP/IrefIOVPtOVP
1
IUVP(on)/IrefIUVP(off)/IrefIUVP(H)tUVP
4.07.04.0?
8.0128.0500
1520??
%%mAns
104??
107214500
?230?
%mAns
trtfIrefIregL/IrefRcontrolVcontrol(max)Icontrol(max)
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VFB1
5.02.0??19295???1.01.3
9.06.68861.5204963002.41001.51.8
2018??20898???1.92.2
WWnsnsmA%kWVmAVV
NCP1653NCP1653A
77
fSWDmax
9060.394
10267?
11073.7?
kHz%
Pin
Symbol
Min
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Typ
Max
Unit
FEEDBACK / OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION / UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
ELECTRICAL
CHAhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cRACTERISTICS
(For typical values TJ = 25°C. For min/max values, TJ = ?40°C to
15 V,
IFB = 100 mA, Ivac = 30 mA, IS = 0 mA, unless otherwise specified)
Characteristics
SUPPLY SECTION
Supply Voltage
UVLO Startup Threshold
125°C, VCC =
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Minimum Operating Voltage after StartupUVLO Hysteresis
Supply Current:
Startup (VCC = VCC(on) ? 0.2 V)Startup (VCC
Startup (4.0 V
Operating (VCC = 15 V, Drv = 1 nF to Gnd, VM = 1 V)Shutdown (VCC = 15 V and IFB =
0 A)
8
VCC(on)VCC(off)VCC(H)
8
IstupIstup1Istup2Istup3ICC1ICC2Istdn
???????
180.9521213.74.733
501.550505.06.050
mAmAmAmAmAmAmA
12.258.04.0
13.258.74.55
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14.59.5?
VVV
Pin
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
4.Please
refer
to
the
“Biasing
the
Controllehttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cr” Section in the
Functional Description.
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
110fSW, SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
1051009590858075706560ROH & ROL, GATE DRIVE RESISTANCE (W)
14
75
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100
125
121086420?50
?50
?25
25
50
75
100
125
?2502550
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 5. Gate Drive Resistance vs. Temperature
Figure 6. Reference Current vs. Temperature
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
3Vcontrol, CONTROL VOLTAGE (V)
2.521.510.50MAXIMUM CONTROL VOLTAGE (V)
FEEDBACK PIN VOLTAGE (V)
?50
50
100
150
200
250
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IFB, FEEDBACK PIN CURRENT (mA)
?250255075http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c100125
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 11. Feedback Pin Voltage vs. Feedback
CurrentFigure 12. Overvoltage Protection Ratio
vs. Temperature
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION THRESHOLD (mA)
230225220215210205200?50
UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTIONTHRESHOLD RATIO (%)
1614121086420?50
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?25
25
50
75
100
125
?250255075100125
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 13. Overvoltage Protection Threshold
vs. Temperature
100
9080706050403020100Figure 14. Undervoltage Protection
Thresholds vs. Temperature
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CURRENT SENSE PIN VOLTAGE (mV)
OVERPOWER LIMITATION THRESHOLD (nA2)
43.532.5http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c21.510.50?50
?25
25
50
75
100
125
050100150200
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)Ivac, INPUT?VOLTAGE CURRENT (mA)
Figure 17. Overpower Limitation Threshold
vs. TemperatureFigure 18. In Pin Voltage vs.Input?Voltage Current
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PWM COMPARATOR REF. VOLTAGE (V)
10% OF MAXIMUM CONTROL CURRENT (mA)
20
18161412108642
0?50
?25
25SUPPLY CURRENT IN STARTUP ANDSHUTDOWN MODE (mA)
?50
?25
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25
50
75
100
125
5075100125
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 23. Supply Current in Startup and
Shutdown
Mode
vs.
TemperatureFigure
24.
http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cOperating Supply Current vs.
Temperature
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Introduction
The NCP1653 is a Power Factor Correction (PFC) boostcontroller designed to operate
in fixed?frequencyContinuous Conduction Mode (CCM). It can operate ineither peak
current?mode or average current?mode.
Fixed?frequency operation eases the compliance withEMI standards and the limitation
of the possible radiatednoise that may pollute surrounding systems. The CCMoperation
reduces the application di/dt and the resultinginterference. The NCP1653 is designed
in a compact 8?pinpackage which offers the minimum number of externalcomponents. It
simplifies the design and reduces the cost.The output stage of the NCP1653
incorporates ±1.5 Acurrent capability for direct driving of the MOSFET inhigh?power
applications.
The NCP1653 http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cis implemented in
constant output voltageor follower boost modes. The follower boost mode permitsone
to significantly reduce the size of the PFC circuitinductor and power MOSFET. With
this technique, theoutput voltage is not set at a constant level but depends onthe
RMS input voltage or load demand. It allows loweroutput voltage and hence the inductor
and power MOSFETsize or cost are reduced.
Hence,
NCP1653
is
an
ideal
candidate
in
high?powerapplications
where
cost?effectiveness, reliability and highpower factor are the key parameters. The
NCP1653incorporates all the necessary features to build a compactand rugged PFC
stage.
The NCP1653 provides the following protection features:
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1.Overvoltage Protection (OVP) is activated andthe Drive Output (Pin 7) goes low when
theoutput voltage exceeds 107% of the nominalregulation level which is a user?defined
value.The
circuit
automatically
resumes
operation
whenthe
ohttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cutput voltage becomes lower
than the 107%.2.Undervoltage Protection (UVP) is activated andthe device is shut down
when the output voltagegoes below 8% of the nominal regulation level.The circuit
automatically starts operation whenthe output voltage goes above 12% of thenominal
regulation level. This feature alsoprovides output open?loop protection, and
anexternal shutdown feature.
3.Overpower Limitation (OPL) is activated and theDrive Output (Pin 7) duty ratio is
reduced bypulling down an internal signal when a computedinput power exceeds a
permissible level. OPL isautomatically deactivated when this computed inputpower
becomes lower than the permissible level.4.Overcurrent Protection (OCP) is activated
andthe Drive Output (Pin 7) goes low when theinductor current exceeds a user?defined
value.The operation resumes when the inductor currentbecomes lower than this value.
5.Thermal
Shutdown
(TSD)
is
activated
and
theDrhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cive Output (Pin 7) is
disabled when thejunction temperature exceeds 150_C. The
operation resumes when the junction temperaturefalls down by typical 30_C.
CCM PFC Boost
A CCM PFC boost converter is shown in Figure 25. Theinput voltage is a rectified 50
or 60 Hz sinusoidal signal.The MOSFET is switching at a high frequency (typically102
kHz in the NCP1653) so that the inductor current ILbasically consists of high and
low?frequency components.Filter capacitor Cfilter is an essential and very small
valuecapacitor in order to eliminate the high?frequencycomponent of the inductor
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current IL. This filter capacitorcannot be too bulky because it can pollute the power
factorby distorting the rectified sinusoidal input voltage.
IinIL
Voutbulk
Figure 25. CCM PFC Boost Converter
PFC Methodology
The NCP1653 uses a proprietary PFC methodologyparticularly designed for CCM
operathttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cion.
The
PFCmethodology is described in this section.
Figure 26. Inductor Current in CCM
As shown in Figure 26, the inductor current IL in aswitching period T includes a
charging phase for durationt1 and a discharging phase for duration t2. The
voltageconversion ratio is obtained in (eq.1).
t)t2VoutT 1
21inVin
T*t1
Vout(eq.1)
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
The input filter capacitor Cfilter and the front?ended EMIfilter absorbs the
high?frequency component of inductorcurrent IL. It makes the input current Iin a
low?frequencysignal only of the inductor current.
Iin IL?50
(eq.2)
t1CrampVrefT*t1
VM Vref* Vref
CrampTT
(eq.6)
From (eq.3) and (eq.6), the input impedance Zin is
re?formulated in (eq.7).
Zin
VMVoutrefL?50
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http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c(eq.7)
The suffix 50 means it is with a 50 or 60 Hz bandwidthof the original IL.
From (eq.1) and (eq.2), the input impedance Zin isformulated.
T*t1VoutV
Zin in
IinTIL?50
(eq.3)
Because Vref and Vout are roughly constant versus time,
the multiplier voltage VM is designed to be proportional to
the IL?50 in order to have a constant Zin for PFC purpose.It is illustrated in Figure
28.
Power factor is corrected when the input impedance Zinin (eq.3) is constant or slowly
varying in the 50 or 60 Hzbandwidth.
Cramp
Figure 28. Multiplier Voltage Timing Diagram
VVVMIt can be seen in the timing diagram in Figure 27 that VMoriginally consists of
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a switching frequency ripple comingfrom the inductor current IL. The duty ratio can
beinaccurately generated due to this ripple. This modulationis the so?called “peak
current?mode”.
Hencehttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c,
an
externalcapacitor CM connected to the multiplier voltage VM pin(Pin 5) is essential
to
bypass
the
high?frequencycomponent
of
VM.
The
modulation
becomes
the
so?called“average current?mode” with a better accuracy for PFC.
Figure 27. PFC Duty Modulation and Timing Diagram
The PFC duty modulation and timing diagram is shownin Figure 27. The MOSFET on time
t1 is generated by theintersection of reference voltage Vref and ramp voltageVramp.
A relationship in (eq.4) is obtained.
It
Vramp VM)ch1 Vref
Cramp
(eq.4)
Figure 29. External Connection on the Multiplier
Voltage Pin
The charging current Ich is specially designed as in(eq.5). The multiplier voltage
VM is therefore expressed interms of t1 in (eq.6).
CrampVrefIch
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(eq.5)
The multiplier voltage VM is generated according to(eq.8).
RII
VM MvacS
2Icontrolhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c
(eq.8)
Input?voltage current Ivac is proportional to the RMSinput voltage Vac as described
in (eq.9). The suffix ac
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
stands for the RMS. Ivac is a constant in the 50 or 60 Hzbandwidth. Multiplier resistor
RM is the external resistorconnected to the multiplier voltage VM pin (Pin 5). It
is alsoconstant. RM directly limits the maximum input powercapability and hence its
value affects the NCP1653 tooperate in either “follower boost mode” or
“ constantoutput voltage mode”.
2V*4VVac
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Ivac [ac
Rvacvac
(eq.9)
Sense current IS is proportional to the inductor current IL
as described in (eq.10). IL consists of the high?frequencycomponent (which depends
on di/dt or inductor L) andlow?frequency component (which is IL?50).
R
IS CSIL
RS
(eq.10http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c)
over the bandwidth of 50 or 60 Hz and power factor iscorrected.
Practically, the differential?mode inductance in thefront?ended EMI filter improves
the filtering performanceof capacitor Cfilter. Therefore, the multiplier capacitor
CMis generally with a larger value comparing to the filtercapacitor Cfilter.
Input and output power (Pin and Pout) are derived in(eq.13) when the circuit
efficiency η is obtained orassumed. The variable Vac stands for the RMS inputvoltage.
V22RSR?vacIcontrolVrefVacPin ac
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inMCSout
IVTcontrolac
outPout hPin h
2RSR?vacIcontrolVrefVac
RMRCSVout
(eq.13b)(eq.13a)
Control current Icontrol is a roughly constant current thatcomes from the PFC output
voltage Vout that is a slowlyvarying signal. The bandwidth of Icontrol can
beadditionally limited by inserting an external capacitorCcontrol to the control
voltage Vconthttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697crol pin (Pin 2)
in Figure 30. It is recommended to limit fcontrol, that is thebandwidth of Vcontrol
(or Icontrol), below 20 Hz typically toachieve power factor correction purpose.
Typical value ofCcontrol is between 0.1 mF and 0.33 mF.
IVTcontrolac
Vout
Follower Boost
The NCP1653 operates in follower boost mode whenIcontrol
is constant. If Icontrol is constant based on (eq.13), fora constant load or power
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demand the output voltage Vout ofthe converter is proportional to the RMS input
voltage Vac. Itmeans the output voltage Vout becomes lower when the RMSinput voltage
Vac becomes lower. On the other hand, theoutput voltage Vout becomes lower when the
load or powerdemand becomes higher. It is illustrated in Figure 31.
Figure 30. Vcontrol Low?Pass Filtering
1
Ccontrolu
control
(eq.11)
From (eq.7)?(eq.10), the input impedance Zin is
://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cre?formulated in (eq.12).
Zin
RMRCSVacVoutIL
2RSR?vacIcontrolVrefIL?50
(eq.12)
RMRCSVacVout
Zin whenIL IL?50
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Svaccontrolref
Figure 31. Follower Boost Characteristics
Follower Boost Benefits
The multiplier capacitor CM is the one to filter thehigh?frequency component of the
multiplier voltage VM.The high?frequency component is basically coming fromthe
inductor current IL. On the other hand, the filtercapacitor Cfilter similarly removes
the high?frequencycomponent of inductor current IL. If the capacitors CM andCfilter
match with each other in terms of filtering capability,IL becomes IL?50. Input
impedance Zin is roughly constant
The follower boost circuit offers an opportunity to reducethe output voltage Vout
whenever the RMS input voltageVac is lower or the power demand Pout is higher.
Becauseof
the
step?up
characteristics
of
boost
chttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697converter, the outputvoltage
Vout will always be higher than the input voltage
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
Vin even though Vout is reduced in follower boost operation.As a result, the on time
t1 is reduced. Reduction of on timemakes the loss of the inductor and power MOSFET
smaller.Hence, it allows cheaper cost in the inductor and powerMOSFET or allows the
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circuit components to operate at alower stress condition in most of the time.
Output Feedback
power Pout. However, this output level is not constant anddepending on different
values of Vac and Pout. The followerboost operating area is illustrated in Figure
33.
V96% Iref Rout decreasesout decreases
The output voltage Vout of the PFC circuit is sensed as afeedback current IFB flowing
into the FB pin (Pin 1) of thedevice. Since the FB pin voltage VFB1 is much smaller
thanVout,
ihttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697ct
neglected.
V*VFB1V
IFB out[out
FBFB
(eq.14)
Vac(min)
ac(max)
ac
Figure 33. Follower Boost Region
is
usually
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Region (2): 96% × Iref
where RFB is the feedback resistor across the FB pin
(Pin 1) and the output voltage referring to Figure 2.
Then, the feedback current IFB represents the outputvoltage Vout and will be used
in the output voltageregulation, undervoltage protection (UVP), andovervoltage
protection (OVP).
Output Voltage Regulation
Feedback current IFB which represents the output voltageVout is processed in a
function with a reference current (Iref = 200 mA typical) as shown in regulation
blockfunction in Figure 32. The output of the voltage regulationblock, low?pass
filter on Vcontrol pin and the Icontrol =Vcontrol / R1 block is in Figure 30 is control
current
Icontrol.And
the
input
is
currhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cent IFB.
feedback
It means that
Icontrolis the output of IFB and it can be described as in Figure 32.There are three
linear regions including: (1) IFB
Iref. They arediscussed separately as follows:
Icontrol(max)
When IFB is between 96% and 100% of Iref (i.e., 96% RFB× Iref
Icontrol
Icontrol(max)Vout
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1*
RFBIref
Vac
ǒ(eq.16)
Resolving (eq.16) and (eq.13),
Vout
PoutRMRCS0.04Vac
2RS)RFB
IrefR?vacVrefIcontrol(max)(eq.17)
refrefFB
Figure 32. Regulation Block
Region (1): IFB
According to (eq.17), output voltage Vout becomes RFB
× Iref when power is low (Pout ≈ 0). It is the maximum valueof Vout in this operating
region. Hence, it can be concludedthat output voltage increases when power decreases.
It issimilar to the follower boost characteristic in (eq.15). Onthe other hand in
(eq.17)http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c, output voltage Vout
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becomes RFB× Iref when RMS input voltage Vac is very high. It is themaximum value
of Vout in this operating region. Hence, itcan also be concluded that output voltage
increases whenRMS input voltage increases. It is similar to anotherfollower boost
characteristic in (eq.15). This characteristicis illustrated in Figure 34.
VIref R96% Iref Rout decreasesout decreases
ac(min)
ac(max)
ac
When IFB is less than 96% of Iref (i.e., Vout
Vout h
2RSR?vacIcontrol(max)VrefVac
MCSout
(eq.15)
Figure 34. Constant Output Voltage Region
Region (3): IFB > Iref
VTac
out
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The output voltage Vout is regulated at a particular levelwith a particular value
of RMS input voltage Vac and output
When IFB is greater than Iref (i.e., Vout > RFB × Iref), theNCP1653 provides no output
or
zero
duty
ratio.
Thereghttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697culation block output
Vreg becomes 0 V. Icontrol also
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
becomes zero. The multiplier voltage VM in (eq.8)becomes its maximum value and
generates zero on time t1.Then, Vout decreases and the minimum can be Vout = Vin ina
boost converter. Going down to Vin, Vout automaticallyenters the previous two regions
(i.e., follower boost regionor constant output voltage region) and hence output
voltageVout cannot reach input voltage Vin as long as the NCP1653provides a duty ratio
for the operation of the boostconverter.
In conclusion, the NCP1653 circuit operates in one of thefollowing conditions:
Constant output voltage mode:
The output voltage isregulated around the range
between 96% and 100% of RFB× Iref. The output voltage is described in (eq.16).
Itsbehavior is similar to a follower boost.
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Follower
boost
mode:
ohttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cutput
The
voltage
is
regulatedunder 96% of RFB × Iref and Icontrol = Icontrol(max) = Iref/2 =100 mA. The
output voltage is described in (eq.15).
Overvoltage Protection (OVP)
IFB is always greater than 8% and 12% of the nominal levelto enable the NCP1653 to
operate. Hence, UVP happenswhen the output voltage is abnormally undervoltage, theFB
pin (Pin 1) is opened, or the FB pin (Pin 1) is manuallypulled low.
Soft?Start
The device provides no output (or no duty ratio) when theVcontrol (Pin 2) voltage
is zero (i.e., Vcontrol = 0 V). Anexternal capacitor Ccontrol connected to the
Vcontrol pinprovides a gradually increment of the Vcontrol voltage (orthe duty ratio)
in the startup and hence provides a soft?startfeature.
Current Sense
The device senses the inductor current IL by the currentsense scheme in Figure 36.
The device maintains thevoltage at the CS pin (Pin 4) to be zero voltage
(i.ehttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c., VS ≈ 0 V) so that
(eq.10) can be formulated.
When the feedback current IFB is higher than 107% of thereference current Iref (i.e.,
Vout > 107% RFB × Iref ), theDrive Output (Pin 7) of the device goes low for
protection.The circuit automatically resumes operation when thefeedback current
becomes lower than 107% of thereference current Iref.
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The maximum OVP threshold is limited to 230 mA whichcorresponds to 230 mA × 1.92
MW
2.5 V = 444.1 V whenRFB = 1.92 MW (680 kW
680 kW
560 kW) and VFB1 = 2.5 V
(for the worst case referring to Figure 11).Hence, it is generally recommended to
use 450 V ratingoutput capacitor to allow some design margin.
Undervoltage Protection (UVP)
ICC
Figure 36. Current Sensing
This scheme has the advantage of the minimum numberof components for current sensing
and the inrush currentlimitation by the resistor RCS. Hence, the sense current
ISrepresents
thhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697ce
inductor
current IL and will be used in thePFC duty modulation to generate the multiplier
voltageVM, Overpower Limitation (OPL), and overcurrentprotection.
Overcurrent Protection (OCP)
ICC2
Istdn
Overcurrent protection is reached when IS is larger thanIS(OCP) (200 mA typical).
The offset voltage of the CS pinis typical 10 mV and it is neglected in the
calculation.Hence, the maximum OCP inductor current thresholdIL(OCP) is obtained in
(eq.15).
IFB
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8% I
ref
12% Iref
IL(OCP)
RSIS(OCP)R
S 200mACSCS
(eq.18)
Figure 35. Undervoltage Protection
When the feedback current IFB is less than 8% of the
reference current Iref (i.e., the output voltage Vout is lessthan 8% of its nominal
value), the device is shut down andconsumes less than 50 mA. The device automatically
startsoperation
when
the
output
voltage
gohttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697ces above 12% of thenominal
regulation level. In normal situation of boostconverter configuration, the output
voltage Vout is alwaysgreater than the input voltage Vin and the feedback current
When overcurrent protection threshold is reached, theDrive Output (Pin 7) of the
device goes low. The deviceautomatically resumes operation when the inductor
currentgoes below the threshold.
Input Voltage Sense
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The device senses the RMS input voltage Vac by thesensing scheme in Figure 37. The
internal current mirror iswith a typical 4 V offset voltage at its input so that
thecurrent Ivac can be derived in (eq.9). An external capacitor
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
Cvac is to maintain the In pin (Pin 3) voltage in thecalculation to always be the
peak of the sinusoidal voltagedue to very little current consumption (i.e., Vin =
√ac andIvac ≈ 0). This Ivhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cac
current represents the RMS input voltageVac and will be used in overpower limitation
(OPL) and thePFC duty modulation.
limited. The OPL is automatically deactivated when theproduct (IS × Ivac) becomes
lower than the 3 nA2 level. This3 nA2 level corresponds to the approximated input
power(IL × Vac) to be smaller than the particular expression in(eq.20).
ISIvact3nA2
2
ǒIL@RCSt3nA2 ǒVac@
vacS
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RR)12kW
IL@VactSvac3nA2
2CS
Biasing the Controller
(eq.20)
RCFigure 37. Input Voltage Sensing
There is an internal 9 V ESD Zener Diode on the pin.
Hence, the value of Rvac is recommended to be at least 938 kΩ for possibly up to
400 V instantaneous input voltage.
Rvac12kW
u
Rvacu938kW
Overpower Limitation (OPL)
(eq.19)
It is recommended to add a typical 1 nF to 100 nF
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dhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cecoupling capacitor next to
the VCC pin for proper operation.When the NCP1653 operates in follower boost mode,
the PFCoutput voltage is not always regulated at a particular levelunder all
application range of input voltage and load power.It is not recommended to make a
low?voltage bias supplyvoltage by adding an auxiliary winding on the PFC
boostinductor. Alternatively, it is recommended to get the VCCbiasing supply from
the second?stage power conversion stageas shown in Figure 39.
AC
Sense current IS represents the inductor current IL andhence represents the input
current approximately.Input?voltage current Ivac represents the RMS inputvoltage Vac
and hence represents the input voltage. Theirproduct (IS × Ivac) represents an
approximated input power(IL × Vac).
Vcontrol
Figure 39. Recommended Biasing Scheme
in
Follower Boost Mode
Figure 38. Overpower Limitation Reduces V
http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697ccontrol
When the product (IS × Ivac) is greater than a permissiblelevel 3 nA2, the output
Vreg of the regulation block is pulledto 0 V. It makes Vcontrol to be 0 V indirectly
and VM ispulled to be its maximum. It generates the minimum dutyratio or no duty ratio
eventually so that the input power is
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When the NCP1653 operates in constant output voltagemode, it is possible to make a
low?voltage bias supply byadding an auxiliary winding on the PFC boost inductor
inFigure 40. In PFC boost circuit, the input is the rectified ACvoltage and it is
non?constant versus time that makes theauxiliary winding voltage also non?constant.
Hence, theconfiguration in Figure 40 charges the voltages incapacitors C1 and C2 to
n×(Vout ? Vin) and n×Vin and n isthe turn ratio. As a result, the stack of the
voltages is n×Voutthat is constant and can be used as a biasing voltage.
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
Vin
V
out
VCC Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
The device typically starts to operate when the supplyvoltage VCC exceeds 13.25 V.
It turns off when the supplyvoltage VCC goes below 8.7 V. An 18 V internal ESD
ZenerDiode is connected to the VCC pin (Pin 8) to preventexcessive supply voltage.
After startup, the operating rangeis between 8.7 V and 18 V.
Thermal Shutdown
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Figure 40. Self?biasing Scheme in Constant Output
Voltage Mode
An internal thermal circuitry disables the circuit gatedrive and then keeps the power
switch off when the junctiontemperature exceeds 150_C. The output stage is
thenenabled once the temperature drops below typically 120_C(i.e., 30_C hysteresis).
The thermal shutdown is providedto prevent possible device failures that could result
from anaccidental overheating.
Output Drive
When the NCP165http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697c3 circuit is
required
to
be
startupindependently
from
the
second?stage
converter,
it
isrecommended to use a circuit in Figure 41. When there isno feedback current (IFB
= 0 mA) applied to FB pin (Pin 1),the NCP1653 VCC startup current is as low (50
mAmaximum). It is good for saving the current to charge theVCC capacitor. However,
when there is some feedbackcurrent the startup current rises to as high as 1.5 mA
in theVCC
The output stage of the device is designed for direct driveof power MOSFET. It is
capable of up to ±1.5 A peak drivecurrent and has a typical rise and fall time of
88 and 61.5 ns with a 2.2 nF load.
Figure 41. Recommended Startup Biasing Scheme
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
Application Schematic
680 k
680 k
560 k
Table 1. Total Harmonic Distortion and Efficiency
Input Voltage
(http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cV)
110110110110110110220220220220220220
Input Power
(W)
331.3296.7157.3109.880.767.4311.4215.7157.3110.080.266.9
Output Voltage
(V)
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370.0373.4381.8383.5384.4385.0385.4386.2386.4386.7386.5386.6
Output Current
(A)
0.830.740.380.260.190.160.770.530.380.270.190.16
Power Factor
0.9980.9980.9950.9930.9900.9880.9890.9850.9780.9600.9330.920
Total HarmonicDistortion (%)
44791010989111415
Efficiency
(%)
939392919191959593959292
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APPENDIX I – SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS IN NCP1653 BOOST PFC
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
ORDERING INFORMATION
DeviceNCP1653PNCP1653PGNCP1653DR2NCP1653DR2GNCP1653APNCP1653APGNCP1653ADR2NCP165
3ADR2http://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cG
PackagePDIP?8PDIP?8(Pb?Free)SO?8SO?8(Pb?Free)PDIP?8PDIP?8(Pb?Free)SO?8SO?8(Pb?Fr
ee)
Shipping?50 Units / Rail50 Units / Rail2500 Units / Tape & Reel2500 Units / Tape &
Reel
50 Units / Rail50 Units / Rail2500 Units / Tape & Reel2500 Units / Tape & Reel
67 kHz
Switching Frequency
100 kHz
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?For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape
sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel PackagingSpecifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
PDIP?8P SUFFIXCASE 626?05ISSUE L
NOTES:
1.DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHENFORMED PARALLEL.
2.PACKAGE CONTOUR OPTIONAL (ROUND ORSQUARE CORNERS).
3.DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
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NCP1653, NCP1653A
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
SO?8D SUFFIXChttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cASE 751?07ISSUE
AG
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NOTES:
1.DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PERANSI Y14.5M, 1982.
2.CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.3.DIMENSION A AND B DO NOT INCLUDEMOLD
PROTRUSION.
4.MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)PER SIDE.
5.DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBARPROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTALIN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION ATMAXIMUM MATERIAL
CONDITION.
6.751?01 THRU 751?06 ARE OBSOLETE. NEWSTANDARD IS 751?07.
MILLIMETERSMINMAX4.805.003.804.001.351.750.330.510.100.250.190.250.401.270
8
0.250.505.806.20
INCHES
MINMAX0.1890.1970.1500.1570.0530.0690.0130.0200.0040.0100.0070.0100.0160.0500
0.0100.0200.2280.244
0.25 (0.010)
ZY
X
8
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DIMABCDGHJKMNS
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
SCALE 6:1
mm*For additional information on our Pb?Free strategy and soldering
details, plhttp://www.51wendang.com/doc/f7620cb6d9e460b5302d697cease download the
ON Semiconductor Soldering andMounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
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