Download Here is the MI-g Synthesis dynamical diagram:

Laurent Dubois,
rue Beaulieusart, 148,
Fontaine-L'Evêque, B-6140,
Tél. : (0032)(0)71 544185
[email protected]
http://www.chronoplanet.com/
http://www.laurentdubois.com
Fontaine-L'Evêque,
gG Model or the MI-g synthesis
“Much work remains to be done in the factor-analytic study of cognitive abilities.
The map of abilities provided by the three-stratum theory
undoubtedly has errors of commission and omission,
with gaps to be filled in by further research,
including the development of new types of testing and assessment
and the factorial investigation of their relationship with each other
and with better established types of assessment” (Carroll, 1997)
Introduction
In the field of researches in cognitive sciences in general and A.I. in particular, it is not unreasonable to expect interesting contributions from the attempts of understanding and
measuring intelligence in experimental psychology. Two main options can be distinguished: the more academically recognized theory of a general factor of intelligence subsumed
under the various kinds of tests items, and the more popular but hardly scientifically verified theory of so called Multiple intelligences.
The first objective of the present work is to illustrate through a matrix the perfect compatibility of these two seemingly definitely antagonistic approaches. It will lead us, in a
second time, to the drawing of a dynamical diagram susceptible of use in the A.I. framework.
From IQ to AI
High IQ communities and power tests
In January 2001, I discovered the on-line “power tests” and “High IQ communities”.
Power tests are intended to increase significantly the ceiling of the existing official and proctored intelligence scales and culture-free type IQ tests.
The main characteristics of the Power tests are their high difficulty and their consequently untimed and unproctored nature. Pioneers in this domain are people like Ron Hoeflin
with the “Mega test” and Paul Cooijmans with the “Test for genius”. Currently Xavier Jouve try to make his work academically recognized. I myself developed the “Power-scale”
including the “916 test”. References about these works can be found at the following adress: http://www.eskimo.com/~miyaguch/hoeflin.html
High IQ communities gather people with supposed or really measured high IQ. Some exhibit learning disabilities, others didn’t adapt to the academic world but, beyond the
inevitable elitism, competition and infatuation, all undoubtedly find in these societies a stimulating and sometimes comforting environment. Here is one of the most popular on-line
societies: http://www.cerebrals.com/
In 2001 I create and put on line the 916 test. Initially conceived as a funny challenge to the puzzles geeks, the 916 test meets an immediate interest in the high IQ
community because of the pureness and the originality of the items, especially some highly abstract verbal items that needs the mastery of an elementary language
only. The test appears to be much more difficult than expected and before all its psychometric value is perfectly reliable with that of the other normed power tests
and even with the classical IQ tools, essentially the RAPM and the Cattell, in the limits of the ceiling of the latter.
Power IQ tests and A.I. seemingly tend to reach to very different objectives: to develop the means to check the highest level of intelligence on the one hand, to
establish the minimal conditions of emergence of intelligence on the other hand. But the will of the designers to elaborate, or discover the purest, most abstract
items can be of some help to researchers in AI.
HIQH
Frequent critics against such societies and people claiming a high IQ consist in reproaching the complete uselessness of their potential and their wasting into purely
intellectual masturbatory activities. Despite of its humanist objectives, a society like Mensa (http://www.mensa.com), the high IQ society (over 100,000 members
around the globe) founded in 1946 by the eccentric enthusiast qualified in Law Roland Berrill and the Scientist, barrister and polymath Dr Lance Ware intended to
the development of intellectual faculties and performances for the improvement of humanity, did not esacape such critics.
In march 2002, birth of the High IQ for the Humanity project http://www.hiqh.org/: in short, compensate the socio-economical imbalance between developed and
less developed countries aggravated by the phenomenon of "Brain Drain". Let’s note that in less than two years, almost exclusively by the mean of online
interactions, HIQH has become an official NGO, a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation
recognized by the U.S. federal government and fully exempt from federal
tax, with projects started in Nepal, Bulgaria, Kenya and Bangladesh.
As the society intended to work on the basis of an enlarged definition of intelligence, I decided to propose a synthesis of the two models of intelligence most often
discussed in the high IQ forums: the “general factor of intelligence” (g) by Spearman and the “multiple intelligences” of Gardner.
As I try to highlight this compatibility through a matrix and a dynamical diagram that modelize the interactions between the man and his environment, it seems to
be appropriated in the frame of lessons on cognitive sciences.
Short story of the different models of « measure » of intelligence
Here some important steps in the history of the measuring of intelligence.
Galton
to the essence of intelligence; e.g. “creativity”, which we all know somewhat confusedly that it is directly linked to intelligence and which the strongest weakness compared to
“performance” is its unruly and free nature (wild intelligence), aleatory efficiency. Now, if we see “creative productions” as the answers to non yet formulated problems, it can
more easily and obviously integrated as an essential component of intelligence!
Gardner typology is nothing more than
an extension of Thurstone primary mental abilities.
MI-g Synthesis
[the emphasis is put on g as product]
So a new framework is needed. Here below is an attempt of remodelling of the different conceptions of intelligence and of including the enlarged definition of
intelligence.
The deep analysis of the matrix will be made in two steps:
the attempt of elaborating
the emphasis on the dynamical side through a diagram
Matrix
Spearman
g
global mental potential “energy”
Factorial analysis
Product of group factors statistical relations to be confirmed
Raw g:
neural/neuronal speed processing factor (speed) & neural system complexity factor
+ sensory- *short- (cash) *mid- (ram) *long- (hard) term memory
Spearman
Carroll*
Hardware Pure Fluidity
+
genotype
Rom
Galton
Jensen
(set of
instructions)
1storder Interface
Filte
r
2d order Software
Filte (from other
“g-loaded”
r
entities)
1st
Metabolism (Breath-sugar consumption-protein-vitamins-greases…)
+
Sense (central nervous system)
Crystallization
Phenotype(?)
Gardner
9 MI
Crystallization Guilford
5 contents
(environment
2d
gs
Physico-math
gs
Linguistic
gs
Spatial
gs
Musical
gs
Bodily-kinaesthetic
gs
Interperson
Symbolic
Semantic
(Verbal)
Visual
gv
Auditory
gu
(Rhythmic)
Behavioural
(Spatio-dynamical)
Behavioura
[non-g + g loaded
entities]
+
personality)
Common feature: “infos”,
but specific “codes”/data
componential
Power
Guilford 5 operations
As sub-specifications of the 3
components of the Sternberg triarchic
theory



+
-
Vocabulary
Similarities
Arithmetic
-
Persistence



Motivation







Evaluation
Cognition
analytical
synthetical
hypotheticodeductive
inductive
algorithmic
[try and error]
dynamic
combinatoric
systematic
heuristic
conjecturospeculative
Contextual
-
Convergent production


Practical
Experimental
Experiential
Jensen (meta) - Binet-Simon –
Weschler (+ Vernon)
-
-
componential
-









Evaluation
Cognition
analytical
synthetical
hypotheticodeductive
inductive
algorithmic
dynamic
combinatoric
systematic
heuristic
conjecturospeculative
Contextual
+
Verbal Subtests
Subtests
gν
Sensory
short (cash)
mid (ram)
long (hard)
-
Thurstone’s 7 primary mental
abilities as sub-specifications
Analytical
spatial ability
(gsf + gsc)
-perceptual speed
-numerical ability
-verbal meaning
-memory
*short (casch)
*mid (ram)
*long (hard)
-word fluency
-reasoning
Memory
Performance
gf
- Picture Completion
- Digit-Symbol/Coding
- Block Design


Divergent production
-




(wild g)
pure divergence
producivity
ingenuity
originality

-
Logico-divergence



(highest quality of g)
autoreference
recursivity
infinity



-
-









Evaluation
Cognition
analytical
synthetical
hypotheticodeductive
inductive
algorithmic
dynamic
combinatoric
systematic
heuristic
conjecturospeculative
Contextual
-
Convergent
production
Practical
Experimental
Experiential
-
componential
Divergent
production
(wild g)
pure
divergence
producivity
ingenuity
originality
logicodivergence
(highest quality of g)

autoreference






-
-









Evaluation
Cognition
analytical
synthetical
hypotheticodeductive
inductive
algorithmic
dynamic
combinatoric
systematic
heuristic
conjecturospeculative
Contextual
-
Convergent
production
Practical
Experimental
Experiential
-
componential
Divergent
production
(wild g)
pure
divergence
producivity
ingenuity
originality
logicodivergence
(highest quality of g)

autoreference






-
-









Evaluation
Cognition
analytical
synthetical
hypotheticodeductive
inductive
algorithmic
dynamic
combinatoric
systematic
heuristic
conjecturospeculative
Contextual
-
Convergent
production
Practical
Experimental
Experiential
-
componential
Divergent
production
(wild g)
pure
divergence
producivity
ingenuity
originality
logicodivergence
(highest quality of g)

autoreference






-
-









Evalu
Cogni
analytic
syntheti
hypothe
deductive
inductiv
algorith
dynamic
combina
systema
heuristic
conjecturospeculative
Contextual
-
Convergent
production
Practical
Experimental
Experiential
-
componential
Divergent
production
(wild g)
pure
divergence
producivity
ingenuity
originality
logicodivergence
(highest quality of g)

autoreference


Conve
produc
Practica
Experim
Experiential




-
Diver
produc
(wild g)
pure
divergen
produciv
ingenuit
original
logico
diverg
(highest quality o

autorefe
Material input: Disassembly-debugging
Organical computable nanocalculator
⇓
▼
⇓
▼
???
→
⇓
Bodilykinaesthetic
Personality
Intrapersonal
Naturalist
G
g’
genotype
[intrinsic neural/neuronal speed
processing factor (speed) &
neural system complexity
factor]
g”
►
phenotype
[metabolism + sense]
►
Interface
primary mental abilities
►
2d filter
2d
► crystallisation
1st filter
1st crystallisation
[immediate environment]
CCaalllloouuss
CCoorrppuuss
t5
t1-t4
t1-t4
Raw g
Dynamical
programmation
t0-t3
PPrree--bbrraaiinn
PPrree--ggeenneettiiccss
PPrree--pprrooggrraam
m
((D
DN
NA
A??))
[[aaw
waarreennaaeessss ((sseellff-ccoonnsscciioouussnneessss))]]
Environment
[non-g + g loaded
entities]
Hardware
+
eepRom
[set of instructions:
DNA?
Executive functions?]
Physico-math
Musical
Interpersonal
Linguistic
▲
∆
▲▲
↑↑
→
Thanks to
the
introductio
n of the
time factor,
the
diagram
constitutes
the
translation
in a
dynamical
and more
concrete
structure of
the Matrix.
It allows us
to make a
connexion
between
the MI-g
synthesis
and its
possible
use in
research in
AI.
So the will
to enlarge
the field of
testing
intelligence
by
including
Gardner’s
additional
types of
intelligence
leads us to
emphasize
the
distributed
nature of
intelligence
, at once
physiologic
ally and
environme
ntally.
So, we
would like
to
underline
the
essential
role of a
spine in the
developme
nt and the
functioning
of
intelligence
. Here is a
pretreatment
of the info
that will
determine
further
treatment
data. In the
same way, the configuration of the sense organs constitute an important factor in the filtering of the stimuli, all the more when one remembers that the nasal fossae, for example,
are constituted of neurons.
The maturation process needs “delays”, and more specifically “time-lag delays”. Let’s note the introduction of an intermediate memory between the short- and the long-term
memories: the “mid-term memory”. Indeed, we don’t that the working memory can be limited to about twenty seconds.
As product, G is the emergence of a process of maturation.
Let us note that with Spearman, it is not the product of one particular entity/diagram but of the correlations between the scores of multiple entities. Thus, g is a product.
But as general, genetic factor, g must rest above, at the origin of this process. This schizophrenic nature must explain the incompleteness of the orthodox model.
If Spearman is right, it must be possible to design a perfectly culture-free test that will give, under ideal conditions of testing, a perfect measure of the intelligence of whole world
population and if the distribution is really normal, it corresponds to a Bell curve. But Spearman could not ignore specific factors in testing tools. That means that in one or in
another way, cultural or idiosyncratic bias cannot be avoided.
Creativity and logico-divergence
In addition to the addition of some types of mental activities to the field of testable abilities, we would like to focus on two essential ways for the different abilities to express
themselves: creativity and logico-divergence.
One of the biological bases of creativity has been identified. While non creative people shut out the most part of the incoming stimuli from the surrounding environment through
the process called “latent inhibition”, creative people are much more likely to take unconsciously into account the kind of stimuli that experience has shown to be irrelevant to
specific needs. This low level of latent inhibition particularly contribute to original thinking when combined with high IQ and good working memory.
This is all the more interesting that not only creativity gains full credit as intellectual activity but it even surpasses more common cognitive abilities usually tested in IQ tests.
As for the logico-divergence, we will define it as the expression of the own limits of logic by logic itself; when and where logic reaches its limits through the notions of infinity,
auto reference and recurrence that lead to stake into abyss, nest of process.
In an IQ test, it qualifies an item made of free culture-free associations that requires, to be solved, an excellent sense of observation and basic notions of logic.
Creativity and logico-divergence are often intimately linked and we are convinced that a program integrating them will successfully pass the Turing test.
Enlarged definition of intelligence
Below is an attempt of extension of the definition of intelligence going beyond the notion of “pure performance” in order to include factors such as artistic-aesthetic, sensitivity,
creativity, empathy, consciousness, wisdom… The idea is the following: since it is currently impossible to elaborate a precise enough definition (both simplest and most general),
the most reasonable and rigorous attitude consists in including a maximum of the probable components rather than in making the bet that intelligence can be reduced to very narrow
abilites.
-
-
Ability to selectively register information? (Ability to just register info? Not so, since inanimate matter can do it as well)
Ability to use information (registered in sensory, short [cache], mid [ram], or long [hard] term memory)
Ability to search information in order to:
. solve an existing problem (no new info)
Ability to produce information in order to:
. solve an existing problem (new info)
. formulate a new problem & solve it (two new information)
Faculty of wondering what the ability to selectively register, to search, to use and to create information is
Faculty of wondering what intelligence is
Faculty of being conscious of this questioning
Faculty of infinite auto-reflexive questioning (infinitely recursive meta-process)
Ability to see, memorize, use, create connections between basic homogeneous and/or heterogeneous set of codes in order to create and/or solve problems or without
any precise [conscious] intention.
Bi-conclusions
The Matrix and the Diagram constitute a kind of synthesis of the four approaches of intelligence:
- the psychometric approach: IQ testing
- the developmental approach: Piaget (intelligence as interaction between an inner maturation and experiments with the environment)-Vygotsky (social conception of
intelligence)
- differential approach: Sternberg triarchic theory-Gardner multiple intelligence theory
- cognitive approach: AI; model = computer; strategies of resolution of problems
HIQH
As stated in the introduction, in the politic of the High IQ for Humanity NGO, the MI-g synthesis must lead to the elaboration of enlarged testing tools and to the
development of new kind of assessment. But it is not really our purpose here.
Beyond consciousness
What interests us more particularly is the conditions under which an artificial intelligence similar or superior to that of the human being can be elaborated. An AI that would
propose to… the fruit of its researches, human being being auto disqualified, the equivalent of the Turing test!
As there is no particular reason that the process of natural evolution stops with the emergence of human consciousness, it is more than probable that it currently continues through
the most complex known entity in the eyes of the human brain: the… human brain. It must constitute the ground of the already realized or next “qualitative jump” in the universal
evolutive history!
Some searchers don’t only intend to build machines with intelligence similar to that of human beings, some of them would like to make more intelligent. In both cases, it seems
inevitable to use the finest and most performing components: the human brain anatomy.
Here are the minimal conditions:
-
spine: physiological distribution
-
five senses: physiological distribution
-
quantum level precision
-
social interactions: environmental distribution
This essay would deserve much longer developments.
Bibliography
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