Download BloodBorn Pathogens and Universal Precautions

• All employees with occupational exposure
to blood or other potentially infectious
body fluid are required to be trained to
have annual blood borne pathogens
training.
• While performing your routine job duties,
you may come in contact with potentially
infectious body fluid that can make your ill.
• Learn how to protect yourself and others
from becoming infected.
What is a BB Pathogen?
Viruses, bacteria
and
microorganisms
that are carried in
the blood that can
cause disease in
humans
Common BB Pathogen
Diseases
• Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
• Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
There are many other BBP
but these 3 are the most
common ones.
Hepatitis “inflammation of the liver”
Liver
The liver is essential
• digest foods
• absorb nutrients
• produces immune factors
to resist infection
• removes wastes and
poisons
• makes proteins vital for
blood clotting.
Hepatitis B (HBV)
1 – 1.25 million Americans are
chronically infected.
(www.cdc.gov)
Symptoms include: flu like
symptoms, right sided stomach
pain, jaundice, dark urine, pale
stools.
Symptoms appear 2 – 6mos
after exposure.
May lead to liver failure,
liver cancer, cirrhosis,
acute hepatitis, chronic
hepatitis and death.
Does NOT appear to be
caused by exposure to
tears, sweat, urine, stool
or droplets.
Hepatitis B (HBV)
• 30% of those infected with HBV have no
symptoms.
• Highest rate of Hepatitis B occurs in 20-49
year olds because of life style choices.
• 40,000 new cases of Hep B occur each
year.
•
(www.hepb.org/hepb/statistics)
Hepatitis C
• Hepatitis C is the most common bloodborne
disease in the United States. (Blood products
were not screened until 1992).
• 80% of those infected have no symptoms.
• Incubation period is 2-6 months after exposure.
• Highest incidence of the virus is in the 20-29year
old age group.
•
(www.cic.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/b)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
• Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal
pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, dark
colored urine, pale stools.
• May lead to chronic infection (75%-85%),chronic
liver disease (70%), cirrhosis, liver cancer.
• 1%-5% of those infected may die of liver
disease.
• Leading cause of liver transplants.
•
(www.cdc/gov/incidod/diseases/hepatitis/c/fact)
Treatment of HCV
• The most common chronic blood borne
infection in the US.
• There is no cure for HCV.
• Vaccines and immunoglobulins (attach to
bacteria/viruses and assist in destroying
them) for HCV do not exist.
• Treat with drugs to contain the virus and
slow disease progression.
Treatment of HBV
• Vaccination available
since 1982 for
prevention
• Immune Globulin
(human made protein)
that provides shortterm protection.
• Anti-viral Medications
may help chronic Hep
B carriers.
Hepatitis B Vaccination
• Offered to all
employees
• Provided at no cost to
employees
• Memorial Hospital
administers the
vaccination
• 3 step series over 6
months
• A small amount of blood
harbor’s a large dose of
virus. (More virulent
than HIV).
• HBV & HCV can survive
on inanimate objects for
up to a week.
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
• HIV attacks the
immune system and
can cause the
disease known as
AIDS.
• HIV does not survive
well outside the body
longer than 24 hours
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
HIV cannot be contracted through casual contact,
insects, air, or water.
Contact with saliva, sweat, urine, feces or tears has
NEVER been found to cause HIV.
AIDS is the 2nd leading cause of death for age group 25
– 44 years.
25% of those in U.S. with HIV are unaware of their
infection status.
Symptoms of HIV
Flu like symptoms (within 1-2mos of exposure)
Night sweats or fever
Fatigue
Swollen glands
Other symptoms noted later:
Decreased Energy
Frequent fevers
Short term memory loss
Weight loss
Skin rashes
Persistent yeast
infection
HIV
• Individuals can carry the virus without
developing symptoms for 10 years or
longer.
(www.nicid.nih.gov/factsheets/hivinf)
Treatment of HIV / AIDS
• No vaccine approved yet
(experimental vaccines
are available).
• Antiretroviral medications
(main type of tx for HIV,
can prevent illness for
many years).
• There is NO cure for
HIV/AIDs at this time.
Diagnosis of BBP’s
• HCV, HBV and
HIV/AIDS can all be
tested by a simple
blood test ordered by
your physician.
• HIV can be tested on
Tuesdays and by
appt. at the Union
County Health Dept.
Universal Precautions
• Treat all bodily
fluids as if they
are infectious!
Potentially Infectious
Bodily Fluids
•
•
•
•
•
Blood
Saliva
Vomit
Urine
Semen or vaginal
secretions
• Skin, tissue, cell
cultures
• Other body fluids
There must be CONTACT with
broken skin or mucous
membranes (eyes, mouth, nose)
and a potentially infected body
fluid.
Your Exposure Potential
• Accident / Injury
• Administering first
aid
• Handling of any
waste products
(Diapers & Kleenex)
• Post-accident
cleanup
• Janitorial or
maintenance work
Universal Precautions
• Use of proper PPE
• Proper cleanup and
decontamination
• Disposal of all
contaminated material
in the proper manner
• Treat all blood and
bodily fluids as if
they are
contaminated!!!
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Anything that is
used to protect a
person from
exposure
Protective Equipment
• Bleeding control: gloves
• Spurting blood: gloves, protective clothing
(gown), mask, eye/face protection
(goggles, glasses, or face shield)
• Post accident cleanup – gloves
• Janitorial work - gloves
CPR Masks - PPE
More PPE…
Decontamination
• Wear protective gloves.
• Disinfectant/cleaner provided in each
building or….
• Solution of ¼ cup bleach per gallon of
water (only good for 24hours).
• Properly dispose of contaminated PPE,
towels, rags, etc. (double bag items’
or place in biohazard container.
Safe Work Practices
• Remove contaminated PPE or clothing as
soon as possible.
• Clean and disinfect contaminated
equipment and work surfaces.
• Thoroughly wash up immediately after
exposure.
• Properly dispose of contaminated items.
Hand washing
• The single most
important way to
prevent the spread
of disease is
HAND WASHING
• Wet hands with running
water
• Apply soap
• Lather well
• Rub hands vigorously for
at least 20 seconds(back
of hands, wrists, betw.
Fingers.
• Rinse well.
• Dry hands.
• If you have towel, use it
to turn off faucet.
Hand Washing
• Wash hands
immediately after
removing PPE
• Use a soft
antibacterial soap
• A hand sanitizer can
be used but wash
with soap and water
as soon as possible
thereafter
Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizers
Procedure for use:
1) Apply to palm of hand.
2) Rub hands together.
3) Rub the product over all surfaces
of hands and fingers until the hands
are dry.
• Must be 60-95% alcohol based to be
effective.
• Work by stripping the outer layer of
oil on skin which destroys
microorganisms on skin surface. Regrowth of bacteria occurs slowly.
(www.osha-slc.gov/oshstd_data/1910_1030)
Staff Exposure Incidents
What is an exposure incident???
• A specific incident of contact with potentially
infectious bodily fluid.
• If there are no infiltrations of mucus membranes or
open skin surfaces, it is not considered an
occupational exposure.
•
Staff Exposure Incidents
What should you do if you suspect an
exposure incident???
• Provide first aid (wash the exposure area with
soap and water.
• Complete Staff Incident Report within 24 hours.
• Report all accidents & injuries to your
supervisor.
• You will be sent to Occupational Health for
treatment.
Time to Wake Up!