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Bell Ringer 05-04
• 1. Which of the blood cells contain
hemoglobin?
• 2. What is the function of hemoglobin?
Bell Ringer 05-07
• 1. What is the number one killer of men and
women in the world?
Bell Ringer 05-08
1. All arteries carry oxygenated blood except for
which one?
2. All veins carry deoxygenated blood except for
which one?
3. What is one function of the circulatory
system?
Bell Ringer 05-09
1. Why is oxygen important to blood and to the cells?
A. Oxygen helps the blood to clot.
B. Oxygen brings food to the cells.
C. Oxygen is necessary for cell growth and energy.
D. Oxygen is not important – carbon dioxide is the most
important substance to the body.
2. Which of the following can best be compared to soldiers?
A. Capillaries
B. Platelets
C. Red blood cells
D. White blood cells
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system includes the Heart, Blood Tissue
and the Blood Vessels.
The Circulatory System-Transport
• The absorption and
circulation of materials
throughout an
organism
What does the circulatory system do?
(What is its function?)
1. Delivers food and oxygen to body cells.
2. Carries carbon dioxide and other waste products
away from cells.
 Movement of materials into and out of cells occurs by
diffusion (from an area of high concentration to low
concentration– no energy required)
 Movement also occurs by active transport (from an area of
low concentration to high– this requires energy)
• ** In general, the blood is a fluid tissue
helping to maintain homeostasis for all cells in
the body.
• Transport of needed substances to body cells.
(oxygen, amino acids, glucose, fatty acids,
glycerol, salts, etc.)
The heart functions as a double pump beating in
unison.
1. Deoxygenated blood--relatively low in oxygen
2. Oxygenated blood--relatively high in oxygen
** Heartbeat is stimulated by an electrochemical
impulse.
Pacemaker - in the right atrium - initiates the
heartbeat
2. Transport of wastes from cells. (urea, water,
carbon dioxide in the form of the
bicarbonate ion)
3. Helps to maintain a constant body
temperature.
4. Aids the body in fighting disease.
The Human (Mammalian) Heart
Structure
1. septum: muscular central wall dividing the
mammalian heart into two halves
2. atria: thin walled upper heart chambers
which receive blood pump blood to the
ventricles
3. Ventricles: muscular thick walled chambers
which pump blood from the heart -- the lower
chambers
4. Valves - prevent the backward flow of blood
in the heart
A = aorta
F = left ventricle
B = pulmonary arteries
G = right ventricle
C = pulmonary veins H = valve
D = left atrium
I = vena cavae
E = valve
J = right atrium
1. Inferior & superior vena cava
2. Right atrium
3. valve
4. Right ventricle
5. valve
6. Pulmonary arteries
(BLOOD TO THE LUNGS –
GAS EXCHANGE) …
7. Pulmonary veins
8. Left Atrium
9. valve
10. Left ventricle
11. valve
12. Aorta
Blood Vessels
1. Arteries
--carry blood away from the heart
--usually spurt blood when cut
--all except the pulmonary artery carry
oxygenated blood
--thick walled and elastic
pulse: expansion and contraction of the artery
walls in response to the heartbeat
Veins
--carry blood toward the heart
--contain valves
--closer to the body surface than the arteries
--all except the pulmonary vein carry
deoxygenated blood
--thinner, less muscular and elastic than arteries
--depend upon muscle and diaphragm
movements for blood flow
Capillaries
--most numerous vessels
--connect arteries to veins
--microscopic, one cell thick walls
--site of much exchange between the blood and
the intracellular fluid (lymph) by diffusion
Lymph vessels
-have walls one cell thick
-present around all body cells
-Lymph composition is similar to that of
blood except for the absence of RBC and
some plasma proteins.
-chief site of material exchange with the
tissues
Major lymph vessels have lymph nodes which
contain phagocytic white blood cells which filter
bacteria and dead cells from the lymph.
X = lymph nodes
Valves are present in some lymph vessels--aiding in
the movement of the lymph.
Respiratory movements also aid lymph flow.
Which Way Did it Go?
Blood Pressure
Causes of HBP implicated:
1. excess sodium intake
2. stress
3. cigarettes (nicotine)
4. saturated fats
5. alcohol & caffeine
6. obesity
7. heredity & aging
No cure--may be treated by medication & diet.
"Silent killer"--millions don't know they have it
Blood
Blood = a connective tissue made up of blood cells and a liquid
called blood plasma.
 About 7 % of your body mass
 About 4.5- 5.6 Liters in an adult human
Men = 5.6 Liters
Women = 4.5 Liters
Pregnant woman = 5.0 Liters
The Functions of Blood
Delivers:
Picks Up:
- Nutrients
- waste  kidneys
- Oxygen, Water, minerals
- carbon dioxide  lungs
- Hormones and enzymes
- heat  skin
- pollutants
The Parts of Blood
1. Plasma =carries everything
2. Red Blood Cells =(RBC) gas exchange
3. White blood Cells =(WBC) fight infection
4. Platelets = clotting
Components of Blood
Blood Composition
• Plasma 55% (liquid part of the blood); Blood
Cells 45%
55%
plasma
45 %
RBC, WBC
and platelets
Plasma- nonliving
• Yellow liquid (92% H2O)
• 8 % nutrients, salts, urea, hormones
• Carries:
RBC, WBC, Platelets, Carbon dioxide, food and
waste
BLOOD CELL TYPES
• Red Blood Cells:
– most numerous
– biconcave disc shaped
– smaller than white blood cells, larger than platelets
– no nucleus when mature
– produced in the red marrow of long bones
– destroyed in the liver and spleen
– contain the iron protein compound HEMOGLOBIN
whose chief function is to combine with oxygen and
carry it to the cells
Red Blood Cells- living
• 5 million in 1 drop of blood (most common)
• Shape = donut
Draw here:
• Made in bone marrow
• Live approximately 120-125 days
Hemoglobin = oxygen containing pigment
Binds to oxygen and carries it to the cells
Gives red blood cells its red color
White blood cells- living
• AKA- Lymphocytes or Leukocytes
• White blood cells are larger than red blood cells,
but there are less of them.
• 8000 in one drop of blood
Function of White Blood Cells
 surround and digest bacteria
Attack bacteria and viruses
**Pus = WBC + dead bacteria
YouTube - White Blood Cell Chases Bacteria
White Blood cells
--largest blood cells--several different
types
--about 8,000 per drop of blood
--most are formed in the bone marrow or
in the lymph tissue
--most protect the body against
diseases
by forming antibodies or
engulfing
bacteria
Main White Blood Cell Types
1. Phagocytes-- engulf bacteria and viruses by
phagocytosis
--able to leave the bloodstream
and move between the cells of
the body by squeezing through
the capillary walls
2. Lymphocytes--produce antibodies which
clump bacterial poisons or bacteria (antigens)
(antigens--foreign substances in the body)
Platelets- living
• Bits of cells
• Live for approximately 10 days
Function of Platelets
creates fibrin = enzyme that helps clot blood
(tiny threads seal cuts)
3. Platelets
--smallest blood cells (fragments)
--150,000 to 300,000 per drop of blood
--needed for clotting
Clotting:
Involves a series
of enzyme
controlled
reactions resulting
in the formation of
protein fibers that
trap blood cells
and form a clot.
Pacemaker•Uses electrical impulses from
wire leads inserted into the Heart.
•Keeps the Heart in perfect
rhythm.
Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
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Myocardial Infarction- heart attack
Hypertension- high blood pressure
Hypotension- low blood pressure
Stroke- clot in the brain
Angina Pectoris- severe pain in chest
Sickle Cell Anemia- sickle shaped rbc’s
Pernicious Anemia- very low rbc count
MVP- prolapsed mitral valve
Pericarditis- inflammation of outer membrane covering the heart
Leukemia- cancer of the blood, elevated wbc count
Varicose veins- enlargement of veins
Arrhythmias- irregularities in heart rhythm
Endocarditis- inflammation of inner lining of heart
Cardiomyopathy- weakening of the heart muscle
Hemophilia- no clotting factor in the blood
Thalassemia- low rbc count, genetic, low hemoglobin count
Life of a Blood Cell
• Imagine that you are one of themajor types of blood
cells (rbc, wbc, platelets).
• Write a story or make a comic from your perspective
(in 1st person) that describes your journey
throughout the body.
• Be sure to include the names of the body parts you
travel to/through as well as any special tasks you
must perform within the body.
• Use your notes and book to help you
• Grade is based on accuracy of content and creativity