Download Q3: Phrases - Minooka Community High School

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A
phrase is a group of related words that
is used as a single part of speech and that
does not contain both a verb and its
subject.
 Side
Note: A clause is a group of words
that has both a subject and a verb.
A
prepositional phrase is a preposition,
the object of the preposition, and any
modifiers of that object.
• EX: A koala is a marsupial, a mammal with
an external abdominal pouch.
• Koalas, along with several other marsupials,
are native to Australia.
Note: Don’t confuse prepositional phrase
beginning with “to” with an infinitive (to be
or to learn).
A
prepositional phrase that modifies a
noun or a pronoun is called an adjective
phrase.
 An
adjective phrase tells what kind or
which one.
• EX: We ordered a dish of salsa and a basket of
tortilla chips.
• EX: The picture of their candidate in today’s
newspaper is not at all flattering.
A
prepositional phrase that modifies a
verb, adjective, or an adverb is called an
adverb phrase.
• EX: The mole burrowed under the lawn.
• EX: The child speaks quite clearly for a two-
year-old.
Adverb phrases tell: when, where, why, how, or
to what extent (how much, how long, or how
far).
 Verbals: formed
from verbs and are used
as adjectives, nouns, or adverbs. The
three kinds of verbals are participle, the
gerund, and the infinitive.
 Verbal
Phrases: consists of a verbal and
its modifiers and complements.
 A verb form that can be used as an adjective
• EX: What is the temperature of the boiling water?
 Present participles end in –ing.
• EX: The smiling graduates posed for the
photographer.
 Most
past participles end in –d or –ed. Some
are formed irregularly.
• EX: For dinner we prepared grilled salmon,
baked potatoes, and tossed salad.
 Consists
of a participle and any modifiers
or complements the participle has. The
entire phrase is used as an adjective.
• EX: Climbing the tree, the monkey
disappeared into the branches.
• EX: We watched the storm blowing eastward.
• EX: Voted back into office, the mayor thanked
her supporters.
A
verb form that ends in –ing and that is
used as a noun.
• EX: Reading will improve your vocabulary.
• EX: One popular sport is swimming.
• EX: Both Dad and Mom enjoy cooking
together.
 Consists
of any modifiers or
complements the gerund has. The entire
phrase is used as a noun.
• EX: The sudden shattering of glass broke the
silence.
• EX: She enjoys hiking in the mountains
occasionally.
A
verb form that can be used as a noun, an
adjective, or an adverb. Most infinitives
begin with “to”.
• EX: His dream is to travel.
• EX: She is the one to ask.
• EX: Grandmother is coming to visit.
NOTE: The word “to” plus a noun or a pronoun= a
prepositional phrase, not an infinitive.
 Consists
of an infinitive and any modifiers or
complements the infinitive has. The entire
phrase can be used as a noun, an adjective,
or an adverb.
• EX: To hit a curveball solidly is very difficult.
• EX: She wants to study marine biology.
• EX: His efforts to trace his ancestry led to greater
appreciation of his heritage.
• EX: I found his explanation difficult to accept.
A
noun or pronoun placed beside
another noun or pronoun to identify or
describe it.
• EX: My cousin Brian is my best friend.
• EX: Sal, a cautious driver, has never had an
automobile accident.
 Consists
of an appositive and any
modifiers it has
• EX: The Smiths live on Milner Lane, a wide
street lined with beech trees.
• EX: Mount Kosciusko, a part of the Australian
Alps, is the highest peak in Australia.