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The Washington Professional Educator Standards Board Washington Educator Skills Tests Sample Test Questions Physics WA-SG-FLD025-02 Washington Educator Skills Tests—Endorsements (WEST–E) SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS The sample test questions in this document are designed to give you an introduction to the nature of the questions included in the Washington Educator Skills Tests—Endorsements (WEST–E). They represent the various types of questions you may expect to see on an actual test in this test field; however, they are not designed to provide diagnostic information to help you identify specific areas of individual strength or weakness or to predict your performance on the test as a whole. Work through the sample questions carefully before referring to the answer key that follows. The answer key provides the correct response for each question and lists the objective within the test framework to which each question is linked. When you are finished with the sample questions, you may wish to review the test objectives and descriptive statements provided in the test framework for this test field. In addition to reading and answering the sample questions, you should also utilize the following preparation materials available on the WEST Web site: Read WEST–E Test-Taking Strategies to understand how test questions are designed to measure specific test objectives and to learn important test-taking strategies for the day of the test. Review the Test Summary and Framework for your test field to familiarize yourself with the structure and content of the test. This document contains general testing information as well as the percentage of the total test score derived from each content domain described in the test framework. Please note that a set of constants and a set of formulas are provided for this test. Please refer to these materials as needed in responding to the sample test questions. These materials are located in the Reference Materials section at the end of this document. A scientific calculator may be used for this test as needed in responding to the sample test questions, and one will be provided at the test administration. Please refer to the current WEST registration information regarding the use of calculators at the test administration. Readers should be advised that this document, including many of the excerpts used herein, is protected by federal copyright law. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 Pearson and its logo are trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). —1— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. A truck moving at a constant speed of 35 m/s passes a stopped police car. Once the truck is 20 m past the police car, the police car begins to accelerate uniformly at a rate of 3 m/s2. The position of each vehicle is given by the following equations. truck: xf = 20 + 35t car: xf = 1.5t2 2. Which of the following best describes the nature and significance of Einstein's and Perrin's work on Brownian motion? A. The random behavior of small particles suspended in a fluid provided a value for Avogadro's number and additional support for the atomic hypothesis. B. Particle accelerator experiments demonstrated that a particle's mass became infinite as its velocity approached the speed of light. C. Patterns in the spectral emission lines of hydrogen provided evidence for quantized electron jumps from higher energy levels to lower energy levels. D. Observations associated with a collimated beam of gas molecules from an oven provided evidence for the statistical distribution of molecular speeds. How long will it take the police car to overtake the truck? A. 7.52 s B. 23.9 s C. 36.6 s D. 47.8 s Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —2— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics Use the reaction below to answer the question that follows. 14 6C A 14 7N Use the graph below to answer the question that follows. Position vs. Time + e– + m ν Which of the following statements follows from the equation shown above? A. 4. ν particle is The mass of the m 1 amu. Position 3. Time B. The m ν particle has a positive charge. C. A proton disintegrates into an electron and a positron. D. The position versus time graph shown above could represent the motion in which of the following situations? A. A ball rolls along a horizontal surface, strikes a wall, and rebounds back to its starting point. B. A car initially at rest accelerates to the speed limit, maintains the speed limit, and slows down to a stop. C. A person walks down a sidewalk, stops for a period of time, and walks back to the starting point. D. A bicycle rider rides to the top of a hill, pedals across the flat top, and then coasts down the other side. A neutron decays and a proton is produced. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —3— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 5. Use the diagram and graph below to answer the question that follows. F2 F1 (–) (+) Velocity vs. Time 6. A ball on flat ground is kicked into the air at an angle of 60° above the horizontal and strikes the ground 2.8 s later at a distance of 22.4 m from where it was kicked. Disregarding the effects of air resistance, what is the maximum height attained by the ball? A. 9.8 m B. 11.2 m C. 19.4 m D. 28.4 m Velocity (+) Time t1 t2 (–) The diagram shows two forces, F1 and F2, acting on an object moving in one dimension. The graph shows the velocity of the object versus time (t). Which of the following statements about the magnitudes of the forces acting on the object is true? A. F1 > F2 for 0 ≤ t < t, and F1 < F2 for t1 < t ≤ t2 B. F1 = F2 for 0 ≤ t ≤ t2 C. F1 < F2 for 0 ≤ t ≤ t2 D. F1 < F2 for 0 ≤ t < t1 and F1 > F2 for t1 < t ≤ t2 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —4— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 7. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. blue q red = v = 4 m/s 30° = blue v = 0 2 m/s red Before Collision After Collision A red disk on a frictionless horizontal surface has an initial velocity of 4.00 m/s in the horizontal direction. The red disk strikes a stationary blue disk. The two disks have the same mass. The final velocity of the red disk is 2.00 m/s at an angle of 30° below the horizontal. What is the final speed of the blue disk? A. 2.00 m/s B. 2.27 m/s C. 2.48 m/s D. 3.46 m/s Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —5— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 8. Kepler's second law states that a radius vector joining any planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal lengths of time. This law is a direct consequence of which of the following? A. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. X The gravitational energy of the system remains constant. B. The linear momentum of the system remains constant. C. The rotational energy of the system remains constant. D. 9. The angular momentum of the system remains constant. r r q2 q1 In the diagram above, q1 and q2 are positive point charges equal in magnitude and separated by a distance r. The distance from q1 to X is also r. If the magnitude of the electric field at point X due to q1 is E, what is the magnitude of the electric field at point X due to q2? 2E 2 A. B. C. D. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 E 2 2E 2E —6— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 10. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. 11. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. X X X X X wire loop X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X In the circuit shown in the diagram above, the capacitor is fully charged. Which of the following best describes what will happen when the switch is closed? A. The current will decrease to zero exponentially. B. The current will oscillate sinusoidally. C. The circuit will create a series of digital pulses. D. The current will rapidly increase to a constant value. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 magnetic field direction The diagram above shows a loop of conducting wire in an external magnetic field that points into the plane of the paper. The direction of the field is constant, but the magnitude is decreasing in time. Which of the following accurately describes the direction of the conventional current in the loop and the magnetic field at the center of the loop produced by the current? A. The current is in the clockwise direction and the magnetic field points into the plane of paper. B. The current is in the clockwise direction and the magnetic field points out of the plane of the paper. C. The current is in the counterclockwise direction and the magnetic field points into the plane of the paper. D. The current is in the counterclockwise direction and the magnetic field points out of the plane of the paper. —7— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 12. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. y x The diagram above shows two modes of oscillation of a string fixed at both ends. Which of the following diagrams represents the superposition of the two modes? A. B. y y x C. x D. y x Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 y x —8— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 13. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. 0.1 m 0.2 m 0.3 m The diagram above represents a snapshot of a wave on a string of length 0.30 m at time t0. The speed of the wave in the string is 100 m/s. What is the frequency of the wave? A. 200 Hz B. 333.33 Hz C. 500 Hz D. 666.67 Hz Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 14. At the turn of the twentieth century, experimental evidence showed that light incident on a metal caused electrons to be ejected from the metal's surface. Contrary to the theory at the time, it was found that the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons was independent of the intensity of the incident light. Which of the following describes how Einstein explained this result? A. by demonstrating that the electrons lose energy through the emission of electromagnetic radiation B. by showing that the low value of the kinetic energy is supplemented by the rest mass of the electrons C. by postulating that the electrons have wave properties with a wavelength directly proportional to the energy of the photons D. by assuming that the energy of the incident light was quantized and directly proportional to the frequency of the light —9— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 15. A company claims that its infrared sensing equipment can detect whether a human body is behind a wall. To test the equipment, four people are randomly placed behind ten different walls. An individual then uses the equipment to try to find behind which walls the people are hidden. The locations of the people are not revealed to the individual operating the equipment. This final step is taken to reduce the: A. occurrence of errors in the operation of the equipment. B. probability that the equipment will return a false positive. C. likelihood of bias being introduced by the operator. D. uncertainty associated with not having a well-defined control group. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —10— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 16. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. galvanometer battery exterior coil interior coil The diagram above shows two wire coils, one inside of the other. The interior coil is connected to a galvanometer. The exterior coil is connected to a battery in series with a switch. When the switch changes from open to closed or from closed to open, the needle on the galvanometer is deflected. This apparatus is most effective for demonstrating which of the following laws of physics? A. Ampère's law B. Coulomb's law C. Faraday's law D. Gauss's law Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —11— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 17. Use the passage below to answer the question that follows. Electrophoresis is used to analyze DNA by placing a specially prepared solution of DNA in a gelatin and applying an electric field across the gelatin. The field causes the DNA molecules to migrate through the gelatin with the shorter DNA strands traveling a greater distance than the longer strands. In this way, the DNA can be sorted and analyzed. 18. On a ride in an amusement park, riders stand against the inside wall of a large cylinder. When the ride starts, the cylinder and the floor begin to rotate about the cylinder's central axis. When the ride reaches a certain speed, the floor falls away and the riders stay in place against the wall. A person describes a feeling of being "pressed against the wall." Which of the following is a commonly held incorrect idea associated with the motion of the person? In order for the electrophoresis method described in the passage above to be effective, the DNA molecules must: A. The person has a natural tendency to follow a straight-line path tangent to the circumference of the cylinder. A. be ions. B. B. have a net magnetic moment. The person's speed is constant but the person is still accelerating toward the center of the cylinder. C. be radioisotopes. C. D. have a low pH value in solution. The wall of the cylinder is exerting a force on the person directed toward the center of the ride. D. The force caused by the rotation of the cylinder is pushing the person away from the center of the cylinder. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —12— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics 19. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. axis of rotation = B The diagram above shows a circular wire loop rotating at a constant angular speed in a uniform magnetic field. Many students predict that the emf induced in the loop is greatest when the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the plane of the loop. These students are most likely confusing: A. electric flux with magnetic flux. B. magnetic flux with the rate of change of magnetic flux. C. a changing electric field with a changing magnetic field. D. fields produced by currents versus fields produced by permanent magnets. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 20. A person in a classroom touches the wooden top and the attached metal leg of a desk and notices that the metal feels colder than the wood. The person concludes that the metal has a lower temperature than the wood. This person is most likely confusing temperature with the concept of: A. heat capacity. B. Joule heating. C. thermal efficiency. D. thermal conductivity. —13— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics ANSWER KEY Question Number Correct Response Test Objective 1 B 0001 2 A 0002 3 D 0003 4 C 0004 5 C 0005 6 A 0006 7 C 0007 8 D 0008 9 B 0009 10 B 0010 11 A 0011 12 B 0012 13 C 0013 14 D 0014 15 C 0015 16 C 0016 17 A 0017 18 D 0018 19 B 0019 20 D 0020 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —14— SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS Physics REFERENCE MATERIALS Please use the reference materials on the following pages as needed in responding to the sample test questions. These materials will also appear in test booklets. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —15— CONSTANTS Description Value Acceleration of gravity on Earth (g) 9.8 m/s2 Speed of light in a vacuum (c) 3.00 × 108 m/s Planck's constant (h) 6.63 × 10–34 J•s = 4.14 ×10–15 eV•s Electron rest mass 9.11 × 10–31 kg Proton rest mass 1.67 × 10–27 kg Charge of electron –1.60 × 10–19 C Coulomb's constant (ke) 9.0 × 109 N•m2/C2 Boltzmann's constant (k) 1.38 × 10–23 J/K Gas constant (R) 8.31 J/mol•K Gravitational constant (G) 6.67 × 10–11 N•m2/kg2 Permeability of free space (μ0) 4π × 10–7 T•m/A Avogadro's number 6.02 × 1023 FORMULAS Description Formula Quadratic formula –b ± b2 – 4ac 2a Constant acceleration vf = vi + aΔt 1 xf = xi + viΔt + 2a(Δt)2 v2f – v2i = 2a(xf – xi) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —16— FORMULAS (continued) Description Circular motion Formula v2 ac = r 1 θf = θi + ωiΔt + 2 α(Δt)2 ωf = ωi + αΔt v = rω a = rα τnet = Iα L = Iω Spring F = –kx 1 PE = 2kx2 Pendulum Optics T = 2π m k T = 2π L g n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 c n=v 1 f 1 1 =p+q Fluids Δp = ρgh Thermodynamics Q = mc ΔT PV = nRT Electricity kq1q2 F = r2 P = IV F E=q W ⏐ΔV⏐ = ⏐ q ⏐ Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —17— FORMULAS (continued) Description Magnetism Formula F = qv × B F = IB × B Δφ Δt εave = – φ = B⊥ A Photoelectric effect hf = φ + eVs Wave-particle relations E = hf h p=λ Relativity γ= 1 v2 1 – c2 NOTES FOR PHYSICS TEST Not all formulas necessary are listed, nor are all formulas listed used on this test. In questions on electricity and magnetism, the term current refers to "conventional current" and the use of the right-hand rule is assumed. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004 —18—