Download Cell Function CC

STUDY GUIDE FOR LIFE SCIENCE TEST ON CELL FUNCTION
Definitions
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cell: smallest units of organisms that carry on the functions of life
tissues: groups of similar cells that do the same sort of work (ex.- muscle tissue)
organ: structure made up of different types of tissues (ex.- heart)
organ system: a group of organs working together to do a certain job (ex. – cardiovascular system)
circulatory system: an organ system that circulates blood to transport nutrients to and from cells in the body;
includes the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels
excretory system: an organ system that gets rid of bodily wastes and excess water; includes the kidneys, ureters
(sends urine to bladder), urethra (carries urine from bladder out), bladder (collects urine), skin (gives off
perspiration), and lungs (gives off carbon dioxide during respiration)
digestive system: an organ system that converts food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the body; includes
salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum
respiratory system: an organ system that takes in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide; includes the nostrils,
trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveolus, and diaphragm
muscular system: an organ system for both voluntary and involuntary movement (contract & relax without
thought); include smooth muscles and cardiac muscles (for involuntary movement), and skeletal muscles (for
voluntary movement)
nervous system: an organ system that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body; includes brain, spinal
cord, and nerves
atoms: the basic unit of a chemical element
molecules: atoms bonded together
organism: living things made of one or more cells
agar: a jello-like material used for growing cultures of microorganisms
Compound Light Microscope: lets light pass through an object then through 2 or more lenses
Electron microscope: for objects way too small to be seen with a light microscope; uses magnetic field to bend
beams of electrons and can magnify 1,000,000 times
Know
-That living things can be one celled or many celled
-that cells differ in size/shape
-Some of the different types of cells that make up plants and animals
-what is meant by a specialized cell, and why stem cells are of special interest to scientists
-The eight features of living things
“Can Good Dogs Eat A Meal Really, Really Late?”
Cells Growth Development Energy Adapt Move Reproduce Respond Life Span
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All living things are made of cells
All living things grow and develop
All living things need and use energy
All living things adapt to their surroundings
All living things move
All living things reproduce
All living things respond to their environment
All living things have a life span
-The Cell Theory
a) All organisms are made up of one or more cells
b) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms
c) All cells come from cells that already exist
-The Scientists
*Janssen- created first compound microscope
*Leeuwenhoek- made a simple microscope with a tiny glass bead for a lens
*Hooke- studied cork ‘cells’; discovered cells
*Schleiden- first to realize plants were made of cells
*Schwann- first to realize animals were made of cells
*Virchow- first to realize cells divide to form new cells