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THE THREE GREAT RELIGIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAST Birthplace of Three Religions Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have their roots in the Middle East • Judaism – Abraham (Mesopotamia) • Christianity-Jesus Christ (Israel) • Islam – Muhammad (Saudi Arabia) • All are monotheistic Jerusalem/Dome of the Rock Judaism – Abraham & Isaac, King Solomon’s Temple Christianity-Abraham & Isaac Islam – Spot where Mohammad ascended into heaven JUDAISM • Judaism is the oldest religion • Abraham is regarded as the father and founder of the Jewish religion • God made a covenant with Abraham • Moses led the Jews out of Captivity • God gave the Jewish people the Ten Commandments • Holy Book – Torah -1st 5 books of the Bible • Synagogue – Jewish house of Worship • Jehovah – True God of the Bible • Rabbi – Spiritual Leader CHRISTIANITY • Jesus – Founder of Christianity • Crucifixion/Resurrection • Cross – Symbol of Christianity • Largest religion in the world • Holy Book – Bible – Stories of Jesus’ journeys and all he did • Church – Place of Worship • Spiritual leader – Minister ISLAM • 2ND Largest religion in the world • Based on beliefs on Jews & Christians • Abraham is the 1st important figure • Belief in same single God • Follows teachings of Muhammad • Holy Book – Koran • God – Allah • House of Worship – Mosque • Must complete 5 Pillars of Faith • • • • • Declaration of Faith Pray Five Times a Day Give to the Poor Fasting During Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca EXIT ASSIGNMENT Compare and contrast the religions of the Middle East in a well constructed paragraph. RELIGIONS OF THE FAR EAST These religions have no gods like Allah, but advocate ethical and moral principles designed to improve the believer's relationship with the universe…. HINDUISM HINDUISM • Polytheistic believe in many Gods • Earliest records are Aryan • Sanskrit – Language of Aryans • Aryan Priests • Poems & Hymns – collections – Vedas • Brahman – Universal spirit present in all living things –creates & destroys life • Forbid killing of animals –Cow is Sacred • Reincarnation • One reaches a state of perfection – moksha – self merges with Brahman • Belief in Caste System - Karma BUDDHISM BUDDHISM • Follow teaching of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha –eliminate suffering • Enlightenment –realizing the truth • Believe in no God • House of Worship - temple • Believe World is imperfect –Buddha • Karma Dharma, Reincarnation • Goal – Reach Nirvana • Reject Caste System • Four Noble Truths • • • • Life is full of suffering Suffering is caused by desire Eliminate Suffering by eliminating desire Eliminate desire by following Eightfold Path CONFUCIANISM CONFUCIANISM • A Philosophy • Founder – Confucius – Supreme Sage • No place of worship • Consists of teachings of Confucius –to become a person of moral quality • Major Scripture – Analects • FIVE RELATIONSHIPS • • • • • Ruler to Subject Father to Son Husband to Wife Elder Brother to Younger Brother Friend to Friend REFLECTION Read over the facts on the religions of the Middle and Far East? What are the major differences between them?