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Download 7.1 - Geography and early people of China
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Early China 1750 B.C. to A.D. Chapter 7.1 The Land of China • Ancient Chinese Civilization developed along the Huang He River Huang He River • Huang He-means Yellow River – 2,900 miles long – Cuts through yellow soil called loess Huang He-”China’s Sorrow” • Huang He is sometimes called “China’s Sorrow” in honor of people killed by flood Chang Jiang or Yangtze River • Flows from west to east • 3,915 miles long • 3rd longest river in the world Mountains • Himalaya, Kunlun Shan, and Tian Shan mountains cover much of China Tian Shan Himalaya Mountains Kunlun Shan Desert • Gobi Desert - cold, rocky • Taklamakan Desert Gobi Desert- hot in summertemperatures reach 122 degrees, cold in winter-temperatures reach minus 40 degrees Taklamakan Desert-second largest shifting sand desert in the world Tibetan Plateau • Highest and largest plateau in the world The First Chinese Dynasty • According to Chinese myth, Yu the Great built channels to control floods • Chased away the dragon caused floods • Dragons helped dig channels • Took 13 years to complete the work Yu the Great • Legend says Yu the Great founded China’s first dynasty named the Xia (Shyah) • Archaeologist have not found any historical evidence of the Xia Shang Dynasty • • • • Built the first cities in China Ruled most of the Huang He Valley Appointed warlords-military leaders Most people were farmers Shang Religion • • • • Polytheistic Shang Ti-supreme god Gods lived in mountains, rivers, and seas Honored ancestors or long-dead family Seeking Guidance from Ancestors • Kings believed they received their power to rule from gods and their wisdom from ancestors • Asked for help from oracle bones Writing • Pictographs-characters that represent objects • Ideographs-link two or more pictographs to express an idea Shang Arts • Created objects made of bronze Silk • Silk-farmers raised silk worms to produce silk • Weavers made the silk into clothing Kaolin • Kaolin-fine, white clay-made vases and dishes Jade • Jade- a green stone The Zhou: China’s Longest Dynasty • Wu Wang overthrew Shang government • Declared a new dynasty called Zhou (JOH) • Ruled 800 years How did the Zhou Rule China? • King led the government • Ruled with bureaucracy-officials who carry out the task of the government • Aristocrats governed territories The Right to Rule • Mandate of Heaven-belief that the Chinese king’s right to rule came from the gods • King must rule the proper “Way” known as the Dao Technology and Trade • Zhou kings developed new ways to irrigate the land War Between the States • • • • Aristocrats grew powerful Aristocrats began to fight one another Fought for 200 years Known as “Period of the Warring States” “Period of Warring States” • Aristocrats forced farmers to serve as soldiers • Soldiers used swords, spears, and crossbows • Developed saddle and stirrups
