Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Fascism in Europe Fascism is a militant political movement that emphasizes on loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. Promises to restore economy, punish those who created the problems and return national pride!! Often held mass rallies, uniforms and special salutes Limited personal rights State was supreme Conservative, right wing party that grows from the middle class Italy- Benito Mussolini Post WWI problems: Rising inflation (prices) Social unrest Unemployment Anger over small land gains from the treaty ( they thought they should get more) The Answer?? Benito Mussolini promised to save Italy- create a stable economy, make Italy great again through a strong army, save middle/ upper class Italians from a Communist revolt. 1919- the Fascist party is formed, gains power as things get worse 1922- 30,000 fascists march on Rome, insist Mussolini be put in charge. King Victor Emmanuel III out of fear gives the govt. to Mussolini. Germany- Adolf Hitler 1920- Hitler joins the National Socialist German Workers Party, Nazi. Brownshirts -private militia. 1920- 1923- Hitler becomes powerful force in Nazi party, known for his great speeches. Nazi party grows in popularity. 1923- Beer Hall Putsch- tries to gain power in Munich- jailed for 9 months. Hitler writes Mein Kampf Talks about his beliefs and his plan for Germany. Aryans (blonde, blue eyed) the master race, Jews, Slavs and Gypsies are inferior. Treaty of Versailles an outrage and plans to take back lost land Germany is overcrowded and needs lebensraum, living spaceget it by conquering Asia and Europe Until the Depression Hitler is largely ignored. The Depression- When America loans were pulled from Germany their economy collapsed by 1932 30% were unemployed. 1932Nazi is the strongest political party. Conservatives use Hitler’s popularity to defeat communism, they think they can control him. Hitler was named Chancellor. New elections, Nazis won a majority in the parliament. Takes absolute power, bans all other political parties. 1934- Hitler creates the SS, a special police force, that arrests/ murders people who challenged him. Took control of the economy, banning strikes, and labor unions; put millions to work improving the country and lowered unemployment to 7%. Hitler takes total control. He turns to _____________, _____________, _____________ He used radio, film, press, literature, and painting. Kids joined Hitler Youth, German Girls. Used the ideas of Fredrick Nietzche to justify actions. Moving Towards War 1920’s- 30’s - Japan develops industry, military. Military Dictator takes over, wants empire. Takes Manchuria (N. China), then E ½ of China. League of Nations does nothing - Italy invades Ethiopia, calls for help ignored - Germany ignores Treaty of Versailles, rebuilds army, occupies Rhineland - Rome, Berlin, Tokyo Axis- military alliance - Spanish Civil War- Fascists send support defeat democracy, practice war - Appeasement- League of Nations tries to avoid war, US is Isolationist 1938 1939 Sept 1940 Germany takes Austria, then Sudetenland, then all of Czechoslovakia (calls for help ignored) Munich Conference- Chamberlain (Britain), Hitler is only uniting Germans, promises not to take more land. Non- aggression Pact- Soviets and Hitler (one front war) Invasion of Poland- Blitzkrieg- Britain,France declare war (Soviets take land lost in WWI) Phony war, wait for attack. April- Hitler takes Denmark, Norway, May- Belguim, Holland, June- FRANCE (goes July Sept 1941 June around Maginot line, through Ardennes)- Dunkirk, French evacuation- Vichy govt, S. of France controlled by Nazis Battle of Britain, air war, Luftwaffe vs. RAF- bombing cities, never invade, Churchill (prime minister) Italy attacks Egypt (Suez Canal) fight British back/ forth across desert, Germany pulled in to help (General Rommel) Germany attacks Balkans, S.E. Europe, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania join Axis, others fall to Hitler Hitler invades Soviet Union, scorched earth policy, retreat 500 miles, Germany caught in winter, Leningrad, Moscow The US- previously Isolationism, Neutrality Acts, FDR (president Roosevelt) supports allies. Cash/ Carry, Lend/ Lease Acts provide supplies to allies, Meet w/ Churchill (Atlantic charter), Undeclared Naval warfare w/ Germany, economic sanctions on Japan Total War- factories produce war supplies, women join work force, rationing, all supplies go to war effort, propaganda, govt control, support for war Tide of War Turns 1942 US bombed at Pearl Harbor by Japanese, (Japanese want to get rid of US navy fleet in Pacific) enters the war. fight and defeat Germany 1st in N. Africa - Hitler invades USSR again, trapped by winter, defeated at Stalingrad, USSR pushing Germany back 1943 US, Britain invades Italy, Mussolini thrown out June 6 1944 D-day- invasion of France, biggest in History (Normandy, 3.5 million troops prepare) Push through France, Belgium, Holland, Germany (Battle of Bulge, Germans defeated) 1945 British, US, French, Soviets circle Berlin, Hitler commits Suicide, surrender May 8. Fighting in Pacific 1939-41 Japanese take islands in S.E. Asia (Philippines, defeat US troops, Bataan Death March) 1942-43 US stops them, Coral Sea, defeats them, Midway, pushes them back, Island hopping, Douglas Macarthur (Guadalcanal) 1944 retakes Philippines, destroys Japanese Navy, pushed back to home islands, prepare for attack 1945 Avoid invasion death toll, drop atomic bombs, Hiroshima, Nagasaki. War is over Holocaust Anti- Semitism- Grew in Germany, Jews were blamed for all of Germany’s problems. 1933- Nuremburg laws against Jews were passed. Nov 9, 1938- Kristallnacht- Nazis attacked Jews on the streets, in their homes and destroyed their businesses. Jews rounded up, sent to camps - Hitler tries to deport Jews, no one will take them - Separates them in ghettos - Sends them to work camps, 1933-1938 Final Solution Genocide- systematic killing of a whole people group Targets poles, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, mentally ill, Jews - taken to isolated spots, gunned down, - concentration camps become extermination camps, work to death, starved, sickness, shot, hung, burned, gassed- 11 million killed, 6 million Jews