Download Energy types NOTES

FORMS OF ENERGY
Universe
consists of 2 things
Matter
–Made of atoms
–Mass
–Volume
–Density
Energy
–No atoms
–No mass
–No volume
–No Density
Energy
property of matter
you cannot see or touch it
Definition: energy is the ability to
do work
measurable; units are joules J
Work
Work is the transfer of energy
Work is the application of a force over a
given distance Work = Force x distance
Measured in joules J
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Two Categories of Energy
Kinetic Energy – energy of motion
Potential Energy – stored energy and
energy of position
Forms of Energy
Energy comes in many different forms
Electrical energy
Radiant (Electromagnetic energy)
Thermal energy (heat)
Sound energy
Mechanical energy
– Motion; stored mechanical; gravitational
Chemical energy
Nuclear energy
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed!
Energy can be transferred from one object
or another
Energy can be transferred from
one type of energy to another
Mechanical energy
Definition: energy an object has because of
its motion or position
Two types
– Kinetic (motion) energy
Energy object has because it is moving
Greater the speed and the mass of the object, the
greater the kinetic energy
– Potential energy
Energy stored object has because of its
position(gravitational) or shape (stored mechanical)
Total Mechanical Energy =
Kinetic energy + Potential energy
Total mechanical energy =
Potential energy of
compressed spring +
kinetic (motion) energy of
the block
Sound energy
A form of kinetic energy that starts with a
vibration (objects/molecules vibrate (move)!
Energy carried by sound waves
Thermal (heat) energy
Energy related to the temperature of a
substance
Temperature is a measurement of the
internal kinetic energy of the molecules of
a substance
Thermal energy is the energy that makes
the molecules move (kinetic energy)
Electromagnetic Energy /Radiant Energy
•Energy that is carried in waves (KE because
waves move!)
•Moves through a vacuum (outer space)
– Radio waves
– Microwaves
– Infrared waves
(heat waves)
–
–
–
–
Visible light waves
Ultraviolet waves
X-ray waves
Gamma wave
Electrical energy
Energy produced by electric charges that
flow
Type of kinetic energy because electrons
move!
Examples: Electricity & lightning
Chemical energy
Energy stored in chemical bonds (potential
energy)
Examples
– Food
– Batteries
– Wood
– Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, coal)
Nuclear energy
Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms
Type of potential energy
Most concentrated form of energy in
universe
Nuclear Energy
Fission – take apart (split atom like
plutonium)
Fusion – put together (combine
hydrogen atoms like sun)
Energy Transfer