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Civil War Guided Notes Part 2 Name:_________________________ Union Strategy • The Union used a strategy they called the Anaconda Plan—they wanted to cut off supplies to the South through naval blockades. Battle of Antietam • On September 17, 1862, the Confederate and Union armies met for battle along Antietam Creek in Maryland. • The Union suffered more than 12,000 casualties (deaths). The Confederates suffered more than 13,000 casualties. • This was the bloodiest _________________ battle of the Civil War—and of U.S. history. • The Union won this battle. • The Battle of Antietam gave Lincoln the victory he needed to take a very bold step toward ending slavery: • Lincoln issued the _________________________________________ on September 22, 1862. Emancipation Proclamation • The Emancipation Proclamation was a written __________________________ to free all Confederate slaves. • It freed slaves only in areas controlled by the Confederacy. • The proclamation had little effect on the Southern states because Lincoln did not control the Confederacy. • The proclamation did NOT stop slavery in the border states (Union states that still had slaves). **It was mainly symbolic because it defined what the Union was now fighting against! The Siege of Vicksburg The city of Vicksburg, Mississippi is perched on 200-foot-high cliffs above the Mississippi River. • Union ships couldn’t get past the Confederate guns mounted on the high cliffs of Vicksburg. • Union ____________________________ came up with the solution to starve the city into surrender. • The Siege of Vicksburg began in May 1863, cutting off all supplies into the city and bombing it repeatedly. • Citizens of Vicksburg survived by eating horses, dogs, and rats as their supplies ran out. Ironclads: (warships heavily armored with iron) were used by the Union to bomb Vicksburg from the Mississippi River. • After six weeks of constant bombardment , the Confederates surrendered on July 4th, 1863. • Capturing Vicksburg was a big victory for the Union. • The Union army now controlled the Mississippi River, which was an important supply line for Confederates. • Capturing Vicksburg also _______________ the Confederacy in two. Battle of Gettysburg • Confederate soldiers, looking for boots and supplies, raided the small town of Gettysburg Pennsylvania, in the summer of 1863. • On July 1, 1863 General Lee’s troops ran into Union soldiers in Gettysburg. • This triggered the Battle of Gettysburg, a key 3-day battle that finally turned the tide of war against the Confederates. • ____________________________________On the third day of this battle, Confederate General George Pickett marched nearly 15,000 men up a hill, called Cemetery Ridge, to attack the Union line. • The Confederate soldiers were showered with cannon and rifle fire from Union troops as they marched up the hill. • This event became known as Pickett’s Charge. • The Confederates soon retreated leaving 7,500 casualties on the battle field. • This was a huge defeat for the Confederates and a huge victory for the Union. • The Battle of Gettysburg was the overall _______________________ battle in the Civil War. **Four Points to remember about The Battle of Gettysburg: • The Battle of Gettysburg was the ___________________________ in the war. • This victory made Northerners believe that the war could be won. • France and Britain decided not to give aid and help the South after this battle. • Confederate troops never launched an attack in the North again. On the battlefield a few months later, Lincoln gave a famous speech called the Gettysburg Address, in which he praised the Union soldiers for their bravery and reminded listeners that they were fighting for ________________ and equality.