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Overview • The Problem – Centralized generation is often dirty, costs are increasing and T&D is vulnerable to natural and man-made interruption – Distributed renewables are expensive and CHP is rarely optimized for grid support robust market participation • Microgrids that integrate renewables and CHP are the answer: – The blended kWh rate of CHP and renewables delivers costeffective energy – Balancing the technologies improves energy reliability – Can improve grid efficiency and reliability via ancillary services 0 Trends & Outlook • The U.S. Energy Information Administration predicts that 50GWs of coal-fired power plants will be retired by 2020* due the cost of maintaining aging infrastructure and the vulnerability of the current “hub and spoke” transmission/distribution model • According to Pike Research**, these retirements “will require a range of technological options to provide electricity in a distributed fashion for local use or for grid support… CHP installed capacity is projected to double by 2022 to 80 GW Microgrid deployments will reach $17B by 2017 1 Source: U.S. EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2012 What is a Microgrid? Legacy Bulk Electrical System That Was Then… 2 Microgrids …This is Now Anatomy of a Microgrid • Generation Reliable and cost effective renewables CCHP & Fuels cells with waste heat recovery and optimization • Bi-directional inverters • Software Sophisticated local management and integration with building automation Grid aggregation and dispatch • Energy Storage • Fleet Electrification & Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) • Project finance and execution • Operation and maintenance 3 Pike Research – Hot Of The Press • From the outside, looks like a single power production facility… • From the inside: – Independent, distributed energy resources are aggregated via a secure web-connected system – Optimization of generation, demand-side or storage resources maximizes profits for asset owners – At the same time, the system delivers extraordinary value and services to transmission and distribution (T&D) grid infrastructure for the proper balance of the electricity grid 4 Value Proposition of Microgrids • Building Own/Operator – Improved energy reliability during natural or man-made grid interruptions – Cleaner electricity and reduced emissions – Reduction of demand and time-of-use charges • Grid Operators – Renewables peak shifting – Renewables firming – Ancillary services • Frequency regulation • Demand response • Spinning Reserve • Distribution Utility When these benefits are fully monetized, the economic performance of Microgrids can increase by 10%+ – Reduced congestion on transmission and distribution infrastructure – Power factor correction – Voltage support 5 Case Study – Fleet Electrification General Motors 6 Case Study – Electrical Training Institute (ETI) LA • Combines Energy Storage, Solar Generation, Electrical Vehicle Charging and building load management • Can be operated both grid-connected and island-mode with full bumpless transfer • Functionality includes renewable smoothing, peak shaving, VAR control and EV charge leveling 7