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Business Plug-in 5 NETWORKS and TELECOMMUNICATIONS McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved 7-2 NETWORK BASICS • Telecommunication system – a system that transmits _____ over public or private networks • Network – a two or more computers that exchange data and share resources using standards (_________) • Three types of networks: – Local area network (LAN)—a building – Metropolitan area network (MAN)—a city – ______ area network (WAN)—a large region 7-3 NETWORK BASICS 7-4 NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS • Architecture – peer-to-peer or client/_________ • Topology – bus, star, ring, hybrid, __________ • Protocols – Ethernet – TCP/___ • Media – coaxial, twisted-pair, _______-optic 7-5 Peer-to-Peer Networks • Peer-to-peer (P2P) network - any network without a central file _______ and in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations 7-6 Client/Server Networks • Client/server network – a _______ model for computing in which the bulk of the processing takes place on a server (backend), while clients perform primarily input/output (front-end) • Client - a computer that is designed to request information from a server • Server - a computer that is dedicated to providing information to the client 7-7 Client/Server Networks • Network operating system (NOS) - the operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers while managing security • Packet-switching - dividing a message on a source computer into a number of efficiently sized units called ________, each of which contains the address of the destination computer • Router - an __________ connecting device that examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination 7-8 Client/Server Networks • Client/Server network 7-9 Client/Server Networks • Worldwide router growth 7-10 TOPOLOGY • Network topology - the __________ arrangement of the physical computers and other network devices) in a network – Bus – Star – Ring – Hybrid – Wireless 7-11 TOPOLOGIES 7-12 PROTOCOLS • Protocol - a _________ that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission • Interoperability - the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers 7-13 Ethernet • Ethernet - a physical and data layer technology for LAN networking 7-14 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol • TCP/IP – protocol for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private networks 7-15 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol Applications • File transfer __________ (FTP) – Downloading/uploading files to/from computers • Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) – For sending/receiving email • Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) – For downloading ____ pages • Simple network management protocol (SNMP) – For network management 7-16 The OSI Model for TCP/IP Applications communicating w/ applications Networks communicating w/ applications Managing sessions between computers Logically sending data over a network Connecting networks Connecting devices on a network Connecting a device to a communication medium 7-17 Voice over IP (VoIP) • Voice over IP (VoIP) - uses _______ technology to transmit voice calls over long-distance telephone lines 7-18 NETWORK TRANSMISSION MEDIA • Two types of media used to carry the signal between computers – ______ media (guided) 1. Twisted-pair wiring 2. Coaxial cable 3. Fiber optic (or optical fiber) – Wireless media (unguided) • • Empty space is the medium Range varies 7-19 Wire Media 7-20 E-BUSINESS NETWORKS • Virtual private network (VPN) - a way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide secure access to an organization’s network • Valued-added network (VAN) - a private network, provided by a ______ party, for exchanging information through a high capacity connection 7-21 WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) • Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) – a means of linking computers using _______ or radio signals • Common examples of wireless devices include: – Cellular phones and pagers – Global positioning systems (GPS) – Cordless computer peripherals – Home-entertainment-system control boxes – Two-way radios – Satellite television 7-22 BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES • Mobile and wireless are often used synonymously, but actually denote two different technologies – Mobile technology - means the technology can travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in _________ – Wireless technology - gives users a live (Internet) connection via satellite or radio transmitters 7-23 Radio Frequency Identification • Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use active or passive tags in the form of chips or smart labels that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to electronic readers • RFID tag - contains a microchip and an ________, and typically work by transmitting a serial number via radio waves to an electronic reader, which confirms the identity of a person or object bearing the tag 7-24 THE FUTURE OF WIRELESS