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Active Server Pages
ASP is Microsoft’s server-side script engine for
dynamically-generated web pages.
Most common language used is VBScript. If
you use JavaScript, then you have your JSP.
A summary of the code for the JSP
• Although a JSP looks much like an HTML page, a
JSP contains embedded Java code.
• To code a scriptlet that contains one or more Java
statements, you use the <% and %> tags.
• To display any expression that can be converted to
a string, you use the <%= and %> tags.
• When you code a JSP, you can use the implicit
request object. This object is named request.
• You can use the getParameter method of the
request object to get the values of the parameters
that are passed to the JSP.
The syntax for a JSP scriptlet
<% Java statements %>
The syntax for a JSP expression
<%= any Java expression that can be
converted to a string %>
The syntax for getting a parameter
from the implicit request object
request.getParameter(parameterName);
Two scriptlets and an expression that
display an HTML line 5 times
<%
int numOfTimes = 1;
while (numOfTimes <= 5){
%>
<h1> This line is shown <%= numOfTimes %>
of 5 times.
</h1>
<%
numOfTimes++;
}
%>
How to code scriptlets and
expressions
• Within a scriptlet, you can code one or more
complete Java statements. Because these
statements are Java statements, you must end
each one with a semicolon.
• Within a JSP expression, you can code any Java
expression that evaluates to a string. This includes
Java expressions that evaluate to any of the
primitive types, and it includes any object that has
a toString method.
• Because a JSP expression is an expression, not a
statement, you don’t end it with a semicolon.
A scriptlet that determines if a checkbox is
checked
<%
String rockCheckBox =
request.getParameter("Rock");
// returns the value "on" if checked, null
otherwise.
if (rockCheckBox != null){
%>
You checked Rock music!
<% }
%>
A scriptlet that reads and displays multiple
values from a list box
<%
String[] selectedCountries =
request.getParameterValues("country");
// returns the values of items selected in list box.
for (int i = 0; i < selectedCountries.length; i++){
%>
<%= selectedCountries[i] %> <br>
<%
}
%>
Where and how to save a JSP
• JSPs are normally saved in the same directory as
the HTML pages. This directory should be a
subdirectory of the web applications directory for
your server.
• If you’re running Tomcat on your PC, that directory is
usually c:\tomcat\webapps or c:\jakartatomcat\webapps.
• If you’re using Tomcat on your local system, you can
also use webapps\ROOT as the root directory for
your applications.
• To make sure that the filename for a JSP is saved
with the jsp extension when you’re using an HTML
or text editor, you can enter the filename within
quotes.
How to request a JSP
• When you use the Get method to request a JSP
from an HTML form, the parameters are
automatically appended to the URL.
• When you code or enter a URL that requests a JSP,
you can add a parameter list to it starting with a
question mark and with no intervening spaces.
Then, each parameter consists of its name, an
equals sign, and its value.
• To code multiple parameters, use ampersands (&)
to separate the parameters.
A Form tag that requests a JSP
<form action="show_email_entry.jsp"
method="get">
Two URLs that request a JSP
http://localhost:8080/murach/email4/show_email_
entry.jsp
http://www.murach.com/email4/show_email_entry.
jsp
How to include parameters
show_email_entry.jsp?firstName=John
show_email_entry.jsp?firstName=John&lastName
=Smith
Some JSP tags
Tag
<% %>
Name
Purpose
JSP scriptlet
To insert a block of Java
statements.
<%= %> JSP expression To display the string
value of an expression.
<%@ %> JSP directive
To set conditions that
apply to the entire JSP.
<%-- --%>JSP comment
To tell the JSP engine to
ignore code.
A JSP comment
<%-Today’s date is <%= new java.util.Date() %>.
--%>
A JSP that displays the date and an instance
variable
The code for the JSP
<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Chapter 4 - Email List application</title>
</head>
<body>
<%@ page import= "business.User, data.UserIO, java.util.Date,
java.io.*" %>
<%! int accessCount = 0; %>
<%! String file = "../webapps/murach/WEB-INF/etc/UserEmail.txt"; %>
<% String firstName = request.getParameter("firstName");
String lastName = request.getParameter("lastName");
String emailAddress = request.getParameter("emailAddress");
User user = new User(firstName, lastName, emailAddress);
UserIO.addRecord(user, file);
The code for the JSP (continued)
int localCount = 0;
synchronized (this) {
accessCount++;
localCount = accessCount;
}
%>
<!-- missing code -->
Today’s date is <%= new Date() %>. <br>
<i>This page has been accessed <%= localCount
%>
times.</i>
</body>
</html>
How to use Java to work with a database
How to connect to a database
• Before you can get or modify the data in a database, you need to
connect to it. To do that, you use the forName method of the Class
class to load the driver. Then, you use the getConnection method of
the DriverManager class to return a Connection object.
• When you use the forName method of the Class class, you must
supply the driver name. This method throws a
ClassNotFoundException.
• When you use the getConnection method of the DriverManager
class, you must supply a URL for the database, a username, and a
password. This method throws a SQLException.
• Although the connection string for each driver is different, the
documentation for the driver should explain how to write a
connection string for that driver.
Database URL syntax
jdbc:subprotocolName:databaseURL
How to connect to a MySQL db named
murach
Connection connection = null;
try{
Class.forName("org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver");
String dbURL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/murach";
String username = "root";
String password = "";
connection = DriverManager.getConnection( dbURL, username,
password);
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException e){message = "Database driver not
found.";}
catch(SQLException e){
message = "Error loading database driver: "+ e.getMessage();
}
How to create a result set that contains 1 row and
1 column
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
ResultSet userIDResult = statement.executeQuery(
"SELECT UserID FROM User " +
"WHERE EmailAddress = '[email protected]'");
How to create a result set that contains multiple
columns and rows
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
ResultSet products = statement.executeQuery(
"SELECT * FROM Product ");
ResultSet methods for forward-only, readonly result sets
Method Description
next()
Moves the cursor to the next row in
the
result set.
last()
Moves the cursor to the last row
in the
result set.
close() Releases the result set’s JDBC and
database resources.
getRow() Returns an int value that identifies the
current row of the result set.
Description
• To return a result set to a class, you use the
createStatement method of a Connection object to create a
Statement object. Then, you use the executeQuery method
of the Statement object to execute a SELECT statement
that returns a ResultSet object.
• By default, the createStatement method creates a forwardonly, read-only result set. This means that you can only
move the cursor through it from the first record to the last
and you can’t update it.
• When a result set is created, the cursor is positioned
before the first row. Then, you can use the methods of the
ResultSet object to move the cursor.
• The createStatement, executeQuery, and next methods
throw an SQLException. As a result, any code that uses
these methods needs to catch or throw this exception.
How to retrieve data from a result set
• The getXXX methods can be used to return
all eight primitive types. For example, the
getInt method returns the int type and the
getLong method returns the long type.
• The getXXX methods can also be used to
return strings, dates, and times. For example,
the getString method returns any object of the
String class, and the getDate, getTime, and
getTimestamp methods return objects of the
Date, Time, and Timestamp classes of the
java.sql package.
How to use the executeUpdate method to add a
record
String query =
"INSERT INTO Product (ProductCode,
ProductDescription, ProductPrice) " +
"VALUES (‘ " + product.getCode() + "‘ , " +
"‘ " + product.getDescription() + "‘ , " +
"‘ " + product.getPrice() + "‘ )";
Statement statement =
connection.createStatement();
int rowCount = statement.executeUpdate(query);
How to use the executeUpdate method to
update a record
String query = "UPDATE Product SET " +
"ProductCode = ‘" + product.getCode() + "‘, " +
"ProductDescription = ‘" +
product.getDescription() + "‘, " + "ProductPrice =
‘ " + product.getPrice() + "‘ " + "WHERE
ProductCode = ‘ " + product.getCode() + "‘";
Statement statement =
connection.createStatement();
int rowCount = statement.executeUpdate(query);
How to use the executeUpdate method to
delete a record
String query = "DELETE FROM Product " +
"WHERE ProductCode = ‘ " +
productCode + "‘ ";
Statement statement =
connection.createStatement();
int rowCount =
statement.executeUpdate(query);
The SQL Gateway application
executing an INSERT statement
The SQL Gateway application after
executing a SELECT statement
The JSP code (sql_gateway.jsp)
<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<%
String sqlStatement = (String) session.getAttribute("sqlStatement");
if (sqlStatement == null) sqlStatement = "";
String message = (String) session.getAttribute("message");
if (message == null) message = "";
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Chapter 11 - The SQL Gateway application</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The SQL Gateway</h1>
<p>Enter an SQL statement and click the Execute button. Then, information
about the <br>
statement will appear at the bottom of this page.</p>
The JSP code (continued)
<form action="../servlet/sql11.SQLGatewayServlet" method="post">
<b>SQL statement:</b><br>
<textarea name="sqlStatement" cols=60 rows=8>
<%= sqlStatement %>
</textarea><br>
<br>
<input type="submit" value="Execute">
</form>
<p>
<b>SQL result:</b><br>
<table cellpadding="5" border="1">
<%= message %>
</table>
</p>
</body>
</html>
