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Mayuri Das Biswas University of Calcutta The metamorphosis of the print environment into a digital one has not only brought about a sea change in the society but also has produced several ethical challenges. Print Document Conventional Book Digital Version E Book Traditional Library Digital Library Ethics: Science of moral principles that governs • • • • • • • • Individual’s conduct Behavior Character Fairness Values Humbleness Commitments Duties of self improvement The ethical values guides oneself in every field of life, whether in business, education, social behaviour, using a computer or even accessing digital resources. Library users are inclined to access electronic formats than printed documents. Publishers are abandoning traditional print models in favor of electronic formats. Born-digital resources are also in huge demand today. Numerous internet schemes, fraudulent scams, means of identity theft. Numerous vulnerability and threats. Reproduction and electronic transmission of original work. How can a democratic right of access to electronic information be guaranteed? Different moral and legal traditions lead to various protective laws in different regions around the globe. Europe: Authorship receives the utmost value. Anglo American tradition: Focus on Copyright. Conflict arises when national and international laws and moral traditions protect different aspects of various media. Berne Convention(1886, revisions) Universal Copyright Convention(1952) Ethical issues: Digital resources or information must not be exchanged or copied without the owner’s consent. Downloading files, making for distribution and resale is entirely an illegal activity. People should provide due respect to IPR. It must be protected for it: Encourages individuals and businesses to create new digitized resources, as well as improving the existing ones. Ensures new ideas and technologies to the information seeker. Promotes investment in the national economy. To protect IPR a creator may get his work – Copyrighted Patented or Use trademarks There should be strict laws to prevent digital piracy. The following restricts unauthorized access and malpractices Digital Rights Management Licensing agreements Cryptography Digital watermarks and Digital signatures Copyright grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for usage of his own work in order to gain economic benefits for a stipulated period of time. People indulge in plagiarism due to – poor monetary condition. lack of understanding the economic benefits of copyright. lack of awareness for fair use guidelines. Unauthorized accessing to electronic documents may also distort the original data which might raise the question of information credibility and relevancy. Inaccurate or ambiguous information will produce erroneous results that might be harmful for the user. Privacy and confidentiality of authors and authenticity of documents should be the prime areas of concern and should be emphasized. Measures taken to build data security checks and manage digital resources ethically are: Microsoft’s Windows Media Rights Manager Electronic Media Management Systems (EMMS) by IBM Such crimes might threaten an individual, a group or even a nation. Misuse of internet and cell phone facilities. Results Copyright infringement. Loss of privacy and confidentiality. Information Security Encryption Backups Data masking Data erasure Scrambling It is an emerging issue that has raised several questions. Certain economical and social barrier and lack of resources deprive people to access ICT. Lack of computer equipment & network access. Do not have proper training of usages. In order to minimize this digital gulf between the‘information rich’ and ‘information poor’, ‘computer literate’ and ‘computer illiterate’ forcefully, people get involved in unethical, illegal and societal problems. We are heading towards a digital economy Paralysing human ethics and morale Safeguarding the IPR and maintaining proper ethics while accessing digital documents demands immediate concern. The ethical development of human society is moving at a much slower pace than the technological boom. ‘Who’ should have access to ‘What’ information? Protection of IPR. Data Security. Proper dissemination of information in an ethical manner. Equitable distribution of information. Instruct users how to locate & use digital resources. Should learn and apply new techniques & skills like negotiating license agreements. Should provide ethical reasons defending their activities against illegal policies and rules dictated by publishers and lawmakers. Codes for professional ethics ought to be a part of the Library and Information Science programme for all students and learners. Should be made compulsory section of the course curriculum which would provide proper ethical guidelines to each individual working professional as well as to the future librarians. LIS professionals need: Additional exposure to ethical issues. Learn about the rights of the information seekers and the duties to be performed facing all the ethical challenges tactfully. Traditional ethical questions should be re-examined and new questions that arise should be solved with immediate effect.