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Transcript
Introduction to Audiology Study Guide Ch. 1 Audiology – Audiologists: o What do they do? o What are they responsible for? o How are they different from an ENT? o What’s the difference between a Ph.D. and an Au.D? o What areas can an audiologist work? Employment settings include…. Ch. 2 – Human Ear & Tests of Hearing – o Pathways of human hearing (air conduction, bone conduction – know the difference!) o Anatomy & physiology of hearing (How does normal hearing work? – acoustic signal to mechanical signal to hydraulic signal to chemical signal to electrical signal) o What sounds are at the base of the cochlear? At the apex? o Types of hearing loss (sensorineural, conductive, mixed, auditory neuropathy) o Tuning Fork tests – know the difference o Schwabach, Bing, Rinne, Weber Ch. 3 – Sound and Its Measurement – o Vocabulary: compressions, rarefactions, cycle, frequency, sine wave, cosine wave, pure tone, hertz, velocity, periodic sound, aperiodic sounds, harmonics, decibel, Bel, threshold, American National Standards Institute (ANSI), pitch, localization, period, amplitude, phase, wavelength o Reactions to sound relate to….. o When does sound occur? o What is needed to produce a sound? o Most common medium for sound is….. o Explain the production of a sound wave (oscillation, elasticity, inertia, damping, resting point – creates a wave) o Characteristics of simple harmonic motion (SHM) o Range of human hearing o What’s the difference between formant 1 and formant 2? Ch. 4 – Pure Tone Audiometry – o Audiometric measurement can…. o What is needed for an audiological evaluation o What might be included in a case history? o What are we looking for with otoscopy? What is in the scope of practice for SLP vs. Au.D.? o Audiometer helps to generate an…… o An Audiogram may include…. o Difference between hearing screening and hearing test o Pure tone average – what frequencies are involved? o Primary responsibilities of screening program o ASHA guidelines for screenings – what frequencies, what dB level, how many? o Who can screen? o Where should screenings be completed? o Be able to interpret an audiogram for type and degree of hearing loss - you should be able to list o Bilateral, unilateral, asymmetrical, symmetrical o Conductive, sensorineural, mixed o Right ear, left ear o Mild, moderate, severe, profound o Shape of audiogram (cookie bite, sloping, etc.) o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Topics: MCL SRT UCL SAT Dynamic Range PTA Word Recognition Testing SRT-PTA Agreement – Why is this important? (+) Rollover – indicates? Prelingual MRL Perilingual Spondee/spondaic words Postlingual Ling 6 sounds Exogeneous & Endogeneous HL (know examples of each) APD Subjective vs. Objective hearing tests Tympanometry Most children with HL are born to parents who are/have _________. ART Functions of immittance audiometry Acoustic Reflex decay Identify types and explain classification of Tympanograms Crossover Be able to read and interpret and audiogram Interaural Attenuation Masking – define, understand plateau method o o o o o Possible Short Answer Questions: Explain how audiologists and speech pathologists use speech audiometry differently. Explain the difference between SRT & SAT testing. What is used? Why are these helpful? Explain 1-3-6 rule. Why is this important? Why does an adult postlingually deafened perform better with hearing technology than an adult who is prelingually deafened? Name 5 high risk factors for hearing loss in children. What’s the difference between BOA, VRA, and CPA? What are problems with BOA and VRA testing? How can you troubleshoot a HA as an SLP? APD testing involves…… Risk factors for APD – When is a referral appropriate? What’s the difference between spontaneous and evoked OAEs? Why is it important that we measure these? Why are OAEs and ABRs used? What is problematic with this testing? Explain the difference between placements of transducers (headphones, etc.) for masking with air conduction versus bone conduction. o o o o o o o o Label outer, middle, and inner ear anatomy Review anatomy and physiology of outer, middle, and inner ear Otoscopy What are you looking at? What are you looking for? Microtia Anotia Atresia Cauliflower ear Know craniofacial malformations associated with HL Swimmer’s ear Cerumen Sebaceous glands Causes of perforated TM ME is connected to…. Difference of ET in adults and children- what does this cause? Maneuvers to open the ET What is the most common problem that causes a conductive hearing loss? Difference between acute and chronic otitis media Management of otitis media Cholestoma Mastoidectomy Tympanoplasty Otosclerosis – what configuration of hearing loss? Notch at ______ Hz How is Otosclerosis managed? Perilumph Endolymph Vestibular mechanism – what systems? Linear acceleration Angular acceleration Nystagmus Cochlea (review thoroughly) Functions of the cochlea Scala Vestibuli Scala Tympani Helicotrema Scala Media Reissner’s Membrane Basilar Membrane Organ of Corti Tonotopic organization of the cochlea When is the inner ear fully formed in utero? When can the baby “hear”? Be able to describe how an acoustic signal gets from the outer ear all the way to the brain using appropriate terminology (in complete sentences and using correct grammar). Acoustic neuroma Neurofibromatosis Acoustic neuritus Multiple sclerosis Central Auditory Processing Disorders Malingering Factitious disorder – how can we tell? Listening devices include Types of hearing aids Basic components of a hearing aid (be able to label) What should be in an SLPs listening kit? Candidates for Bone Anchored Implant Electrode array Speech processor How does a cochlear implant work? Candidacy criteria for CI (pediatric & adult) Difference between sound field & personal FM system? Medical contraindications for a CI (Dr. Hunter’s presentation) 5 stages of grief Communication approaches How is AVT different from ABI or traditional speech therapy? Auditory Skills Hierarchy How do we target these skills differently with adults? Closed, Bridged, Open sets Segmentals, suprasegmentals Ling 6 Sounds – why are these important? What do we expect in aural rehabilitation? Typical goals of an adult CI candidate Principle areas of adult rehabilitation Rules to follow during therapy (post CI) Accommodations to improve classroom acoustics Teaching strategies in the classroom for children with hearing loss