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How can God be Right?
An overview of the Hydroplate Theory
Dr. Walt Brown
www.creationscience.com
How can God be Right?
• “Science has proven millions of years”
• “Dinosaurs died out millions of years
before man arrived”
• “God couldn’t have created in six days”
• “Noah’s flood is a myth, or at most just a
local flood”
How can God be Right?
If I could demonstrate to you a scientific
explanation for the world around you that
– Is consistent with God’s testimony…
– Explains every major geologic anomaly, as
well as features of near-Earth astronomy…
– Fits the facts better than any other
explanation available…
Would you concede that God could be right?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
The Earth’s crust rides on great plates that
are constantly spreading apart and
subducting under.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
This is the explanation of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
Originally, this theory required only five to seven
plates.
Now that has expanded to hundreds of plates being
necessary to accommodate the theory.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
Mid Oceanic Ridge
– This is where spreading
must occur
– There are overlapping
regions
– There are intersecting
axial rifts!
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
• What force moves the plates?
– Subduction?
– Physically impossible!
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
The slabs represented below are 30 to 60 miles
thick.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
The pressure on any rock deeper than 5 miles
will cause the rock to flow if not contained.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
It is impossible for any plate to ever depress
deeper than five miles.
No subducting plate could begin subduction.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
• What force pulls or pushes the plates?
– If plates are subducting, what force causes
the plates to subduct?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
Even without the flowing feature of rock, the
pressure of 30 mile thickness of rock from the
overriding plate would prevent any movement of
the subducting plate.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
There is no material strong enough to withstand
this great pressure, nor is there any force great
enough to overcome the magnitude of the friction
and great pressure to move a plate.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
It’s physically (scientifically) impossible.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
Continental Shelves
• Why is there a
continental shelf?
• What geologic
process created
them?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
Oceanic Trenches
• Why are there Deep
Trenches in the
Pacific?...
…but not in the Atlantic?
• How did these form?
• Why is there continental
material on the Pacific
floor?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes
– It’s where the plates rub together or one
subducts under the other, right?
– Then why are there many powerful ones far
from plate boundaries, and so deep, the rock
should be clay-like.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
Magnetic Reversals in the Mid-Oceanic Ridge
NS
NN
S
N
SN
SS
S
N
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Plate Tectonics
Magnetic Reversals
– Not reversals at all!
– Intensity fluctuations
– Some perpendicular
to the ridge
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
Submarine Canyons
V-shaped. Why?
They seem to be
extensions of
existing rivers…
Up to 15,000 feet
below sea level!
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
Submarine Canyons
Large River like Amazon
Continental
Shelf
Beach
The “drop-off”
Ocean surface
What cut this deep V gouge in
the Continental shelf up to
15,000 feet below sea level?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
• Geologic Anomalies
– Coal and oil in Antarctica
– Methane in ice
– Ice Age (s)
• Requires heavy precipitation AND…
• Extended and extreme cold temperatures…
at the same time!
• That’s a contradiction!
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
Frozen Mammoths
– Fleshy remains
– Quickly frozen
– Food in mouth and
stomach
– Many of them crushed
– Virtually all of them suffocated
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
Mountains
– Crumpled and buckled
– Folded
sediments
– How do
sedimentary
layers of
rock fold?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
Metamorphic rock
– Requires flowing water
– In traditional Geology, where is this necessary
ingredient?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
Plateaus
– Raised areas of the Earth
– Appear to be floating on the rock beneath
them
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
Limestone
– Made from calcium carbonate
• Requires carbon
– There is too much
calcium carbonate
to have come from
known processes.
There is no
adequate source for
the carbon!
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
Overthrusts
– Horizontal sliding for miles and miles
• Too much friction
• Materials (rock) not strong enough to be pushed or
pulled with the friction that would be present
– And yet, they’re not crushed
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for
Salt Domes
– What is the source of all that salt?
– How did the salt all get collected together?
– Why is it a dome shape?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Volcanoes & Lava
– What is the source?
– Here’s what you’ve
probably been taught:
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Volcanoes & Lava
– The Earth’s crust is 6 to 60 miles thick
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Volcanoes & Lava
– All cracks lower than 5 miles are squeezed
shut!
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Volcanoes & Lava
– The mantle is over 1800 miles thick and is
solid material before you get to the molten
core of the Earth.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Geothermal Heat
– What caused the magma for volcanoes?
• Near-crust magma is unassociated with the molten
core
– Why is the Earth’s core molten?
– Earth’s crust appears to have never been
molten
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Sediments
– Stratified layers of rock — how did that
happen?
– “Billions of dead things buried in rock layers
laid down by water all over the Earth”
Predominant Theory of Geology:
What you were probably taught…
Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
– Pangaea
They took liberties with this
graphic. To be valid, all the
“squares” must be equivalent.
Compare Africa, North America,
and South America.
Also, much continental mass is
missing between North and South
America, and it does not
accommodate contentinal shelves.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
What you were probably taught…
Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
– Pangaea
Here is a more recent version of
Pangaea. It’s more distorted than
the original, and still does not
accommodate continental shelves.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
What you were probably taught…
Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
– Pangaea
If the continents were all packed
together like this, what did the
rest of the earth look like?
This represents less than ¼ of
the earth’s surface, and it would
have been on just ¼ of the
earth. Was the rest of the earth
merely covered with water?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
What you were probably taught…
Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
– Not as good a fit as you were led to believe
– If you consider the continents with the
continental shelves, the fit is rather poor.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
– There is a much better fit of the continents
against the base of the
mid-Atlantic Ridge
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
– Yes, the continents were at one time connected, but
– They were connected by rock that is no longer present.
– Where did the rock go?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
What you were probably taught…
Layered Fossils
– Fossils represent animals in previous eras of
the Earth’s history
– The lower strata and fossils are earlier times
and the higher strata and fossils are more
recent.
– Strata and fossils were laid down over millions
of years.
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Layered Fossils
– Fossils are rarely formed today, yet there are
billions and billions of fossils.
– Animals and plants decay. Fossils must be
rapidly buried.
– Fossils of sea life are found on every major
mountain range.
• How did they become buried way up in the
mountains?
Predominant Theory of Geology:
No explanation for…
Change in Tilt of Earth’s Axis
– This has been measured and documented
– As nearly as they can tell, it began about
2345 BC
Predominant Theory of Geology:
Inadequate explanation for
Asteroids, Meteoroids, and Comets
You were probably taught
– Asteroids: Likely an exploded Planet
– Meteoroids: Possibly remnants of that same
exploded planet
– Comets: Came from the Oort cloud. A ring of
comet material surrounding the Solar System
Predominant Theory of Geology:
However,
Asteroids: an exploded Planet?
• The total mass of all asteroids and meteoroids is
less than 0.05% of the Earth’s mass. Combining all
the asteroids would hardly produce a planet.
Comets: Oort cloud?
• An Undetectable ring of comet material
surrounding the Solar System
• Oldest comet can be no more than 5000 years old
• Conclusion: The Oort cloud exists because it must
• No hyperbolic orbits
How to Evaluate Theories
“Scientific explanations are never certain or
final, and the overused word ‘prove’ is
never justified except possibly in
mathematics or a court of law.” *
*In the Beginning…, 7th Edition, Dr. Walter Brown, p.99
How to Evaluate Theories*
• Process
• Parsimony
• Prediction
*In the Beginning…, 7th Edition, Dr. Walter Brown, pp.98-99
How to Evaluate Theories
• Process
If a theory can explain all relevant observations
better than any other proposed explanation,
confidence in the explanation increases.
If the starting conditions and operation of physical
laws (all known processes) should have
produced results that are not present, then
confidence decreases.
How to Evaluate Theories
• Parsimony
The use of few assumptions. The simplest
explanation.
Few assumptions that explain many things indicate
a good theory. The more assumptions, the less
credible the theory. If more assumptions have
to be added as the theory is explored, it
becomes less credible.
How to Evaluate Theories
• Prediction
A good theory allows you to predict unusual
things if you look in the right places and
make the right measurements. Verified
predictions increase confidence in the
explanation.
Hydroplate Theory
• Assumptions of the Hydroplate Theory
There is only one
– Subterranean water
¾ mile thick layer of
supercritical water
containing a large
amount of dissolved
salt, minerals, and carbon
dioxide, 10 miles below
the Earth’s surface in
interconnected chambers.
Granite above, basalt below.
Hydroplate Theory
Did I say WATER?
Yes, this is a flood theory.
A global flood.
Hydroplate Theory
This flood was not your typical sewer
backup or river overflowing its banks.
Hurricane Katrina and its flooding aftermath
was an infinitesimal speck compared to
this.
This was the greatest catastrophic event
ever to occur on the Earth.
Hydroplate Theory
• Four Phases
– Rupture phase
– Flood phase
– Continental Drift phase
– Recovery phase
Hydroplate Theory
• Rupture phase
Where did the water come from?
The subterranean water was released.
– Pressure
– Failure — A crack – It likely began where the
Atlantic Ocean is today
– Propagation at 2 miles per second (7200
mph).
Hydroplate Theory
• Rupture phase
– “The fountains of
the great deep.”
(Genesis 7:11)
Hydroplate Theory
• Rupture phase
Initial stresses were relieved when the crack
circled the Earth in two to three hours.
One end of the crack ran into the path left by
the other end forming a T or Y shape.
Hydroplate Theory
• Rupture phase
Material is ejected out of the crack that
encircled the globe.
Hydroplate Theory
• Rupture phase
The most powerful jetting water and debris,
rock, mud, and water forming ice escaped the
Earth’s gravity and became comets, asteroids,
and meteors.
Hydroplate Theory
• Flood phase
The powerful upward-jetting water eroded both
sides of the 46,000 mile long rupture an
average of 800 miles wide.
The bottom portions of the exposed cliffs
continually crumbled and collapsed, adding to
the debris in the jetting fountains.
Hydroplate Theory
• Flood phase
Continental Shelves
High velocity water and debris flowing out from beneath
the crust eroded the edges of the continents, creating
sloping continental shelves.
Hydroplate Theory
• Flood phase
About 35% of the debris was from the basalt
floor.
All the eroded material gave the water a muddy
consistency which settled out over the surface
in a matter of days, burying many dead
animals, which became most of the world’s
fossils.
Through a process called Liquefaction, this
sediment and its contents got sorted and
stratified.
Hydroplate Theory
• Flood phase
Some of the debris-laden water fell as huge
masses of extremely cold, muddy hail which
buried, suffocated, and froze many animals
including mammoths.
This material did not stratify and is the source
of “muck,” loess (pronounced “lerse”), and
Yedomas today.
Hydroplate Theory
• Flood phase
The escaping water was hot. It tended to rise
to the top and evaporate.
As the water evaporated, salt and other
minerals would precipitate out.
Hydroplate Theory
• Flood phase
Salt is less dense than the sediments.
Sediments settled
on the precipitated
salt.
Hydroplate Theory
• Flood phase
Movements frequently caused less
dense layers to flow upward
through more dense layers,
resulting in salt-domes.
Sediments settled
on the precipitated
salt.
Hydroplate Theory
• Flood phase
Decrease of pressure in the chamber water
caused a release of carbon dioxide resulting in
a tremendous precipitation of limestone.
Hydroplate Theory
• Flood phase
Uprooted vegetation
accumulated in masses;
sometimes sorted into
layers. Later, these
were compressed and
heated, forming coal
and oil.
Hydroplate Theory
• Continental Drift phase
The basalt layer in the earth is
normally compressed by the
overlying rock.
The overlying rock was blown
away.
Believe it or not, rock is
slightly elastic. The more
compression, the more
reaction when the
compressive forces are
removed; the basalt buckled
upward.
Hydroplate Theory
• Continental Drift phase
The basalt Layer in the Atlantic buckled up and rose 10
miles!
This created slopes on each side of the rupture.
Hydroplate Theory
• Continental Drift phase: Mid-Oceanic Ridge
As the floor rose, it stretched as a balloon
stretches when its radius increases. This
stretching produced cracks parallel and
perpendicular to the Mid-Oceanic Ridge.
Hydroplate Theory
• Continental Drift phase: Mid-Oceanic Ridge
Parallel cracks were caused by the radius of the
bulge being greater than the rocks’ former radius.
Perpendicular cracks were caused by the material
covering a greater Earth circumference than it once
did.
Hydroplate Theory
• Continental Drift phase
The American plates started to
slide away from the
Euro/African plates, lubricated
by the underlying water.
The hydroplates accelerated away
from the widening Atlantic.
This movement lasted for about a
day, and then met with
resistance.
Hydroplate Theory
• Continental Drift phase
What stopped the sliding?
Resistance that was the result of
– Depletion of the underlying water
– Collision with something else
On deceleration, each plate experienced a
compression event; buckling, crushing, and
thickening each plate. This squeezed up
mountains, made overthrusts, and trapped
water in large voids underneath.
Hydroplate Theory
• Continental Drift phase
Friction at the base of the skidding plates
generated immense heat, enough to melt rock
and produce large volumes of magma.
Effects of this melted rock produced marble,
diamonds, lava outpourings, and volcanic
activity.
Volcanoes are from magma chambers
generated by this deceleration, not the molten
core.
Hydroplate Theory
• Continental Drift phase
In the mean time, after the Atlantic floor rose,
the mass of the Earth shifted toward the
Atlantic.
The continental area which was where the
Pacific is today buckled toward the Atlantic
about 25 minutes after the Atlantic floor rose.
This formed deep trenches, and sank the
continental landmass which produced the
Pacific ocean we see today.
Hydroplate Theory
• Continental Drift phase
There is continental crust
found in the Pacific
floor.
This subsidence of the
mass through the earth
toward the Atlantic
caused massive heating
and produced the
Earth’s molten core.
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
Where did the water go?
As the compression event took place on a
given continent, the continents thickened
and rose out of the water. This caused the
flood waters to begin to recede.
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
Where did the water go?
At some point portions of the subterranean
water were choked off.
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
Flood waters collected in the newly-opened
basins between the continents.
Sea level immediately after the flood was
several miles lower than today. This allowed
for land bridges that no longer exist.
Draining flood waters eroded deep channels
which are now major rivers, as well as
submarine canyons.
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
Submarine Canyons
Water draining at a rapid rate from the continents as they
thickened and rose carved deep gouges at the edges of
the continents.
Beach
Continental
Shelf
The “dropoff”
Large River like Amazon
Ocean
surface
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
Thickened hydroplates applied greater pressure
to the basalt floor than the ocean water. The
plates sank over time and caused the ocean
levels to rise, isolating animals to various
continents.
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
It took many years (hundreds) after the flood
for things to settle into equilibrium. Many of
these processes continue even today.
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
– Remember I mentioned a change in Tilt of
Earth’s Axis?
– Scientists say it began about 2345 BC
The Genesis Flood was approximately 2348 BC.
Hmmmm…
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
The sudden formation of mountains altered the
Earth’s balance. This caused the Earth to roll
about 45° so the pre-flood North pole moved
to what is now Central Asia. This is why coal
and lush vegetation (as well as mammoth and
other animal remains) are found in arctic
regions. They were temperate regions before
the flood.
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
Earth’s big roll…
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
Continental basins, filled with water, became
inland seas.
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
Over time, many of these inland seas eroded
through their walls and carved gouges in the
earth such as the Grand Canyon.
Hydroplate Theory
• Recovery phase
As mountains sank toward their equilibrium
depth, in the same way a person sinks into a
waterbed, pressure under the crust on each
side of the mountains caused plateaus to rise.
Hydroplate Theory
That was a quick overview of the Hydroplate theory.
In it, we explained:
The Flood:
Where the water came from
Where the water went
Mid-Oceanic ridge
Continental plates
Submarine canyons
Magma/volcanoes
Fossils
Limestone
Mammoths
Coal and Oil formations
Overthrusts
Continental shelves
Geothermal heat
Earth’s molten core
Salt Domes
Jigsaw fit of the continents
Plateaus
Grand Canyon and others
Ocean trenches
Changing tilt of the Earth’s axis
Comets and Meteroids
Hydroplate Theory
The Hydroplate Theory also explains
Why a circle has 360°
Plumes
Chimney Rocks
Sorting of Fossils
Magma/volcanoes
Craters on the Moon
Earthquakes
Methane in Ice
Ice Age
Stratification of Rock
layers
Asteroid belt
Composition of Sedimentary
Rock
Ninety East Ridge
Granite
Varves
Flattened fish
Muck, Yedomas, and Loess
Absence of hyperbolic comets
Why Subduction cannot happen
The Hydroplate theory even explains more than this!
Hydroplate Theory
Yes, God is right and His Word is true.
He is the Creator. He knows all things.
He has told us the truth about what He did.
This truth will make sense of the world.
Let’s judge the words of man against
the Word of God,
and not the other way around.
— Ken Ham —