Download NOTES_Rock Cycle

Buildings
Toothpaste
Roads
Salt
Bridges
Sandpaper
Concrete
Decorations
Extract minerals – like iron
(Fe) to make steel or gold
or silver or aluminum, etc.
Jewelry
Why is it important to have a basic
understanding of the rock cycle?
Rocks contain clues about the environment and
help us understand the formation of the earth.
IGNEOUS ROCK
METAMORPHIC
ROCK
SEDIMENTARY
ROCK
Rock
Any solid mass of minerals or mineral-like matter
QUESTION: Do most rocks occur as one
mineral or as a mixture of minerals?
QUESTION: Some rocks are made
of organic material (originally plants
or animals), can you name one?
COAL: LARGEST SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY
PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD
THE ROCK CYCLE
A continuous process that causes rock to change
from one form to another. The rock cycle just
describes a bunch of changes.
IGNEOUS ROCK
2
1
3
5
METAMORPHIC
ROCK
SEDIMENTARY
ROCK
4
List the 3 types of rocks
(put these in your journal)
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
GOAL:
GIVE A BASIC DESCRIPTION OF
THE 3 TYPES OF ROCKS AND
EXPLAIN HOW ALL ROCKS ARE
RECYCLED AND RE-USED.
Igneous Rocks
!
!
VOCAB
!
!
!
Igneous rock forms when
magma cools and makes
crystals.
The word Igneous comes
from the Latin word for fire,
ignis.
Magma: a hot liquid made of
melted minerals.
LAVA: When magma pours
onto the earth’s. The
minerals can form crystals
when they cool.
Forms underground, where
the magma COOLS SLOWLY.
Or, it forms above ground,
where the magma COOLS
QUICKLY.
Igneous rocks that cool and harden aboveground.
This happens QUICKLY because of the cool
temperatures Extrusive = forced out while
molten through cracks in the
earth's surface
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Formed when magma cools and hardens below the
earth’s surface. This happens SLOWLY because of
the higher temperatures.
IGNEOUS ROCK EXAMPLES
Granite (INTRUSIVE)
Rhyolite (EXTRUSIVE)
SIMILARITIES
Both are from melted rock
Their composition is the same
DIFFERENCES
Granite
Rhyolite
Granite – coarse texture, made from magma.
COOLS/HARDENS UNDERGROUND, SLOWLY.
Rhyolite – fine texture, made from lava. COOLS/
HARDENS ABOVEGROUND, QUICKLY
METAMORPHIC Rocks
!
!
!
Rocks that have "morphed" into
another kind of rock. THEY were once igneous or
sedimentary rocks. The rocks are under tons and tons of
pressure, which fosters heat build up,
and this causes them to change. Metamorphic Rock Pictures
Granite, Gneiss, Shale, Slate, Sandstone, and Quartzite are good
examples of metamorphic rocks.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
•  4 STEPS
•  1st : erosion/weathering
•  2nd : deposition
•  3rd : compaction
•  4th : cementation
THE PROCESS OF MAKING SEDIMENTARY
ROCK IS CALLED LITHIFICATION
Sedimentary Rocks : Erosion/
Weathering
! The earth’s rocks are
constantly being ground up
by… (WEATHERING)
!   FORCES: heat and cold, rain,
waves, grinding ice, etc.
! THEN… those sediments are
moved around by wind or rain.
(EROSION!!) Sedimentary Rocks:
Deposition
Eventually, the moving water or wind
slows and deposits the sediment. !   If water is carrying the sediment, rock
fragments and other materials sink to the
bottom of a lake or ocean. ! DEPOSITION: WHEN THE SEDIMENT
(GROUND UP ROCK) SETTLES OUT OF THE
WIND OR WATER CARRYING IT. !   After sediment has been deposited, the
processes of compaction and cementation
change the sediment into sedimentary rock. !   In addition to particles of rock, sediment
may include shells, bones, leaves, stems, and
other remains of living things. ! 
Where in this picture
do you see
sedimentary rock? Where in this picture
do you see sediment
forming and erosion
occurring?
Sedimentary Rocks: Compaction
! Compaction: the process that presses sediments
together. Sedimentary Rocks: Compaction
!   Year after year more sediment falls on top of old
sediment, creating new layers. !   The weight of the layers further compacts the
sediments, squeezing them tightly together. ! The layers often remain visible in the sedimentary
rock. Lower Antelope Canyon was
carved out of the surrounding
sandstone by both mechanical
weathering and chemical
weathering. Wind, sand, and
water from flash flooding are
the primary weathering
agents.
Sedimentary Rocks: Cementation
!   While compaction is taking place, the minerals
in the rock slowly dissolve in the water. !  The dissolved minerals seep into the spaces
between particles of sediment. ! Cementation: dissolved minerals crystallize and
glue particles of sediment together. !  It often takes millions of years for compaction
and cementation to transform loose sediments
into solid sedimentary rock.
Sedimentary Transformations
WITH YOUR TABLE PARTNER, DRAW A
SIMPLE SKETCH SHOWING THE 4 STEPS
OF A SEDIMENTARY ROCK BEING
FORMED. Sedimentary Transformations
WEATHERING
WITH YOUR TABLE PARTNER, DRAW A
SIMPLE SKETCH SHOWINGDEPOSITION
THE 4 STEPS
OF A SEDIMENTARY ROCK BEING
FORMED. EROSION
COMPACTION
CEMENTATION
Bet Cha’ Weren’t Expecting A….
POP QUIZ!!!!!*
1.  What are the three types of rock?
2.  Which type of rock has been formed by
magma or lava?
3.  How do sedimentary rocks form (in order)?
4.  Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have
?(fill in the blank)
6.  What is the process of sediments forming a
sedimentary rock?
7.  What does “ignis” mean in the word igneous?
*Answers are on next slide!
ANSWERS!!!!
1.  Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
2.  Igneous
3.  Erosion, Deposition, Compaction,
Cementation
4.  Morphed
5.  Lithification
6.  “ignis” means fire
What is the difference
between magma and lava?
Magma = molten rock
below the earth’s
surface
Lava = molten rock
flowing on the earth’s
surface
Rapid cooling magma will form
rocks with a
a. coarse grained texture.
b. fine grained texture.
c. glassy texture.
d. porphyritic texture.
When lava spews onto the earth’s
surface rocks will form with a
a. coarse grained texture.
b. fine grained texture.
c. glassy texture.
d. porphyritic texture.
Magma that is located deep within
the earth may take tens of
thousands of years to harden.
The rocks that form in this case
will have a
a. coarse grained texture.
b. fine grained texture.
c. glassy texture.
d. porphyritic texture.
Why do you think some rocks are
heavier than others?
Some are denser – less air space between particles
What is the Latin word that the word
igneous comes from and what does it
mean?
ignis = fire
Where are Extrusive Igneous Rocks
formed?
Formed by lava on the Earth’s surface
Slow cooling magma will form
rocks with a
a. coarse grained texture.
b. fine grained texture.
c. glassy texture.
d. porphyritic texture.
!   Sedimentary rocks form from
particles deposited by water and
wind
!   If you have ever walked along a
beach (which I am sure you have)
you may have noticed tiny sand
grains, mud, and pebbles.
!   These are some sediments that
eventually form into sedimentary
rocks
!   Sedimentary Rocks can form in 4
ways by:
!   Erosion
!   Deposition
!   Compaction
!   Cementation
! www.dlese.com
!  Earth Science Textbook
!  Google Images ( I KNOW THIS DOESN’T COUNT
IM JUST TELLING YOU!!)
! http://www.rocksandminerals.com/
rockcycle.htm