Download BIO101 Unit 4

BIO102 Unit 2
Digestive System
Glossary
bile
a substance produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder that emulsifies fats in the small
intestine.
bolus
masticated (chewed), saliva treated swallowed food.
cardiac sphincter
a circular muscular valve that is found between the esophagus and the stomach.
chyme
partially digested food that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine as a the thick
creamy paste.
cirrhosis
disease common among alcoholics where the tissue of the liver is replaced by inactive scarring.
crown
the portion of the tooth above the gum line
dental caries
tooth decay and cavities cause by bacteria that metabolized sugars into acids that erode teeth..
digestion
the breakdown of complex molecules into small molecules by the digestive system that can be
absorbed into the circulatory system.
endocrine
glands that secrete their products directly into the blood stream.
epiglottis
a connective tissue structure that covers the larynx during the process of swallowing.
esophagus
muscular tube like organ of the digestive system that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
gastric juices
the digestive juices secreted by the gastric glands located in the lining of the stomach.
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums in the mouth around teeth..
hard palate
bony, anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by viruses.
ingestion
the ability to take food into the body by the mouth. (eatting food)
large intestine
has a matrix composed of reticular fibers found in the lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow.
lumen
space or central cavity within a tube like structure of the body such as the esophagus or small
intestine.
minerals
an element or inorganic compound of which many are required for normal metabolic function.
mucosa
inner mucus membrane layer of digestive and circulatory structures usually composed of
epithelial tissue with goblet cells supported by connective tissue.
muscularis
the muscular tissue layer of an organ.
neck
the portion of the tooth at the gum line.
oral cavity
another term for the mouth and the components of the mouth.
pancreas
a flat elongated organ located between the stomach and the small intestine that has both an
exocrine and endocrine function. As an exocrine gland the pancreas secretes digestive juices
into the small intestine and as an endocrine gland it secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon
parotid glands
one pair of salivary glands located in the oral cavity in tissue on the side of the face below and
anterior to the ear.
pharynx
the portion of the digestive system between the mouth and the esophagus which serves as a
passageway for food and also air on its way to the trachea.
pepsin
an enzyme which is secreted as part of the gastric juices that acts as a protei
peristalsis
rhythmic contractions of the walls of the digestive system that moves food.
root
the portion of the tooth below the gum line that inserts in the jaw bones.
rugae
deep folds in the stomach lumen that disappear as the stomach fills with food..
salivary glands
three pairs of exocrine glands that are located in the tissue of the oral cavity that secrete saliva.
serosa
tissue layer that lubricates the outer layer of the intestine composed of loose connective tissue
covered by simple squamous epithelial tissue.
small intestine
long tube like organ of the digestive system that is located between the stomach and the large
intestine. It is divided into three portions known as the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum.
soft palate
entirely muscular posterior portion of the roof of the mouth.
stomach
large muscular storage structure for swallowed food of the digestive system between the
esophagus and the small intestine. Some mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in this
structure.
sublingual glands
one pair of salivary glands located in tissue beneath the tongue..
submandibular
one pair of salivary glands located in tissue beneath the floor of the mouth.
swallowing
reflex action that moves food from the mouth through the pharynx into the esophagus.
tonsillitis
inflamed tonsils due to an infection of these organs.
.
tonsils
found on either side of the tongue in the back of the mouth which seems to protect the body
against infections.
villus
finger like microscopic projections of the jejunum of the small intestine that contain lacteals and
blood capillaries and facilitate absorption of the digestive end products by the circulatory system.
vitamins
organic compounds that function as coenzymes in the body. There are thirteen vitamins divided
into fat and water soluble compounds.
uvula
finger-shaped projection at the end of the soft palate.