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PHYSICAL GEOLOGY LECTURE TEST # 1 – SPRING 2011 MULTIPLE CHOICE: 1. The physical and chemical decomposition of rock is termed A.erosion B.weathering C.both erosion and weathering involve the physical and chemical decompositon of rock 2. ? have one sulfur and four oxygen atoms. A.sulfides B.sulfates C.phosphates D.carbonates E.halides 3. ? has a half-life of 1.25 billion years. A.Uranium 238-Lead 206 B.Uranium 235-Lead 207 C.Thorium 232Lead 208 D.Rubidium 87-Strontium 87 E.Potassium 40-Argon 40 4. Quartz and feldspars are A.oxides B.halides C.silicates D.native elements E.sulfides 5. Which of the following would be classified as a strategic mineral? A.manganese B.platinum C.cobalt D.chromium E.all of the above are strategic minerals 6. ? rocks include intrusive and extrusive rocks. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous D.all of the above include intrusive and extrusive rocks 7. Environmental geology often employs A.engineering geologists B.geomorphologists C.hydrologists D.geophysicists E.environmental geology may employ all of the above scientists 8. In order to obtain paleomagnetic dates, iron ? be present in the rocks. A.cannot B.may C.must 9. ? involves separating the desired minerals from other elements in an ore. A.open pit mining B.dredging C.strip mining D.subsurface mining E.smelting 10. Mineral reserves must have a good ? in order to be mined at a profit. A.quantity B.quality C.location D.in order to be mined at a profit, mineral reserves must have good quantity, quality and location 11. Rocks may be composed of A.minerals B.mineraloids C.rocks may be composed of either minerals or mineraloids 12. ?, which are framework silicates, constitute about 50 percent of the Earth’s crust. A.quartz B.pyroxenes C.amphiboles D.micas E.feldspars 13. Index fossils should be A.abundant B.have a relatively narrow geographic distribution C.should be longlived species D.all of the above are true concerning index fossils 14. Sand, gravel and building stone are mostly extracted from the Earth by A.open pit mining B.dredging C.strip mining D.subsurface mining E.smelting 15. It is believed that the Earth is about ? years old. A.3.5 million B.4.6 million C.2.5 billion D.3.5 billion E.4.6 billion 16. Acid mine drainage is typically produced in mining ? minerals. A.silicate B.oxide C.halide D.sulfide E.phosphate 17. Shale and limestone are types of ? rocks. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous 18. The fundamental rock unit used in mapping is the A.bed B.member C.formation D.group E.supergroup 19. The ? core is probably molten. A.inner B.outer C.both the inner and outer core are probably molten 20. Magnetite, hematite, and corundum are A.sulfides B.sulfates C.phosphates D.carbonates E.oxides 21. Sedimentary rocks are created A.as products of decomposition B.by the action of organisms C.by chemical precipitation D.all of the above may create sedimentary rocks 22. Which of the following may be used as a key bed? A.volcanic ash layer B.glacial deposit C.limestone bed D.all of the above may be used as key beds 23. ? represents thousands of years on the radiometric time scale. A.Ka B.Ga C.Ma D.all of the above represent thousands of years on the radiometric time scale 24. The shape of the unit cell is ? in determining crystal form. A.important B.not important 25. ? formulated the concept of "Uniformitarianism". A.Charles Lyell B.James Hutton C.John Lightfoot D.Charles Darwin E.Edwin Hubble 26. Which of the following is an agent of erosion? A.gravity B.ice C.wind D.water E.all of the above are agents of erosion 27. ? of the critical minerals that the United States needs must be imported. A.a few B.some C.most 28. The best definition of an “orogeny” is A.formation of magma B.earthquake C.evolutionary development D.volcano study E.mountain building 29. ? planets are composed primarily of gases. A.Terrestrial B.Jovian C.both Terrestrial and Jovian planets are composed primarily of gases 30. Talc, asbestos and graphite are obtained from ? rocks. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous 31. The Earth’s crust is relatively ? compared to the other Earth layers. A.thin B.thick 32. Which of the following is a physical property used in identifying minerals? A.specific gravity B.luster C.fracture D.cleavage E.all of the above are physical properties used in identifying minerals 33. The waste minerals in an ore are termed A.critical minerals B.strategic minerals C.gangue D.reserves E.identified resources 34. The age of the universe has been obtained by studies on the A.history of stars B.Law of Blueshifts C.both the history of stars and Law of Blueshifts have been used to determine the age of the universe 35. Facies fossils are used to determine A.the ages of rocks B.the type of ancient environment in which organisms lived C.facies fossils are used for determining the ages of rocks, as well as the types of ancient environments in which organisms lived 36. Rock layers are termed A.levels B.components C.biotas D.strata E.geochrons 37. Traditionally, paleontology and stratigraphy have been used primarily for studies of ? geologic time. A.relative B.absolute C.both relative and absolute geologic time may be established by means of paleontology and stratigraphy 38. Depletion time is the time it takes to use up about ? percent of the reserves of a mineral at a given rate of use. A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40 E.80 39. The ? is composed mostly of an iron-nickel alloy. A.crust B.mantle C.core D.all of the above are made from iron-nickel alloys 40. Isotopes of a particular element would have different numbers of A.neutrons B.protons C.both protons and neutrons will vary 41. The Earth is divided into about a dozen ? plates. A.asthenospheric B.lithospheric C.both the asthenosphere and lithosphere form the Earth’s plates 42. ? build ?. A.rocks, minerals B.minerals, rocks 43. Matching rock units is termed A.chronology B.petrology C.seismology D.paleogeography E.correlation 44. Pyrite and galena are A.sulfides B.sulfates C.phosphates D.carbonates E.halides 45. The universe is composed primarily of A.iron B.nickel C.oxides D.silicates E.hydrogen 46. ? is the study of the Earth's materials, such as minerals and rocks, and the various physical and chemical changes that occur on its surface and in its interior. A.physical geology B.historical geology C.both physical and historical geology are the study of the Earth's materials 47. Which of the following is an amphibole? A.augite B.olivine C.mica D.hornblende E.all of the above are amphiboles 48. The most common element in the Earth’s crust is A.silicon B.aluminum C.sodium D.potassium E.oxygen 49. Which of the following is a native element? A.sulfur B.graphite C.diamond D.gold E.all of the above are native elements 50. About 80% of the Earth’s volume consists of the A.crust B.mantle C.core D.the core and mantle together would comprise about 80% of the Earth’s volume 51. Chemical reactions are due primarily to action of the atom’s A.protons B.neutrons C.electrons D.all of the above equally influence chemical reactions 52. Particle size, shape and arrangement define a rock’s A.structure B.texture C.both texture and structure refer to particle size, shape and arrangement 53. ? rocks are formed from other rocks due to changes in temperature, pressure, and reaction with chemical fluids. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous 54. The Law of Faunal Succession involves the interpretation of A.Carbon 14 dating B.potassium-argon dating C.fossils D.paleomagnetism E.the law of faunal succession involves the interpretation of all of the above 55. ? rocks crystallize from a magma. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous D.all of the above rock types crystallize from a magma 56. Anions have a ? charge. A.positive B.negative C.some anions are positively charged, others are negatively charged 57. The study of landforms is A.sedimentology B.stratigraphy C.geomorphology D.seismology E.geochronology 58. ? rocks are the main source of many nonfuel minerals. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous 59. Which of the following is not a Jovian planet? A.Venus B.Jupiter C.Neptune D.Uranus E.Saturn 60. In ? bonding, electrons are shared between atoms. A.covalent B.metallic C.ionic D.electrons are shared between atoms in each of the above bonding types 61. Earth’s magnetic field is probably due to movements in the Earth’s A.crust B.mantle C.core D.all of the above contribute to the Earth’s magnetic field 62. The crust consists of rocks of relatively ? density. A.low B.high 63. Mineral classification is based on the dominant ? present in the mineral. A.cation B.anion C.both cation and anions types are important components used in mineral classification 64. In ?, the atoms are arranged in tetrahedra to form single chains, double chains, sheets, or frameworks. A.oxides B.halides C.silicates D.native elements E.sulfides 65. The study of rocks is termed A.petroleum geology B.palynology C.paleontology D.geophysics E.petrology 66. Quartz is ? in oceanic and mantle rocks. A.common B.rare 67. The universe is probably about ? billion years old. A.2.5 B.3.5 C.4.6 D.7.3 E.13.7 68. ? are sheet silicates that are common in continental rocks. A.olivines B.pyroxenes C.amphiboles D.micas E.feldspars 69. Climate changes are due to changes in A.the Earth’s orbit B.continental plate positions C.shifting ocean currents D.solar radiation E.all of the above have affected Earth’s climate 70. Calcite and dolomite are A.sulfides B.sulfates C.phosphates D.carbonates E.halides 71. The nucleus of an atom has a ? charge. A.positive B.negative C.the nucleus of an atom may have either a negative or positive charge 72. The ? is the brittle material that includes the crust and upper mantle. A.lithosphere B.asthenosphere C.the lithosphere and asthenosphere are both made of brittle material 73. Salt is formed through ? bonding. A.covalent B.metallic C.ionic D.salt forms due to all of the above types of bonding 74. The most abundant chemical group of minerals are A.oxides B.halides C.silicates D.native elements E.sulfides 75. This test number is A. Please answer "A" for question # 75.