Download PHYSICAL GEOLOGY TEST # 1

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY LECTURE TEST # 1 – SPRING 2011
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. The physical and chemical decomposition of rock is termed A.erosion B.weathering C.both erosion and
weathering involve the physical and chemical decompositon of rock
2. ? have one sulfur and four oxygen atoms. A.sulfides B.sulfates C.phosphates D.carbonates E.halides
3. ? has a half-life of 1.25 billion years. A.Uranium 238-Lead 206 B.Uranium 235-Lead 207 C.Thorium 232Lead 208 D.Rubidium 87-Strontium 87 E.Potassium 40-Argon 40
4. Quartz and feldspars are A.oxides B.halides C.silicates D.native elements E.sulfides
5. Which of the following would be classified as a strategic mineral? A.manganese B.platinum C.cobalt
D.chromium E.all of the above are strategic minerals
6. ? rocks include intrusive and extrusive rocks. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous D.all of the above
include intrusive and extrusive rocks
7. Environmental geology often employs A.engineering geologists B.geomorphologists C.hydrologists
D.geophysicists E.environmental geology may employ all of the above scientists
8. In order to obtain paleomagnetic dates, iron ? be present in the rocks. A.cannot B.may C.must
9. ? involves separating the desired minerals from other elements in an ore. A.open pit mining B.dredging
C.strip mining D.subsurface mining E.smelting
10. Mineral reserves must have a good ? in order to be mined at a profit. A.quantity B.quality C.location D.in
order to be mined at a profit, mineral reserves must have good quantity, quality and location
11. Rocks may be composed of A.minerals B.mineraloids C.rocks may be composed of either minerals or
mineraloids
12. ?, which are framework silicates, constitute about 50 percent of the Earth’s crust. A.quartz B.pyroxenes
C.amphiboles D.micas E.feldspars
13. Index fossils should be A.abundant B.have a relatively narrow geographic distribution C.should be longlived species D.all of the above are true concerning index fossils
14. Sand, gravel and building stone are mostly extracted from the Earth by A.open pit mining B.dredging
C.strip mining D.subsurface mining E.smelting
15. It is believed that the Earth is about ? years old. A.3.5 million B.4.6 million C.2.5 billion D.3.5 billion
E.4.6 billion
16. Acid mine drainage is typically produced in mining ? minerals. A.silicate B.oxide C.halide D.sulfide
E.phosphate
17. Shale and limestone are types of ? rocks. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous
18. The fundamental rock unit used in mapping is the A.bed B.member C.formation D.group E.supergroup
19. The ? core is probably molten. A.inner B.outer C.both the inner and outer core are probably molten
20. Magnetite, hematite, and corundum are A.sulfides B.sulfates C.phosphates D.carbonates E.oxides
21. Sedimentary rocks are created A.as products of decomposition B.by the action of organisms C.by chemical
precipitation D.all of the above may create sedimentary rocks
22. Which of the following may be used as a key bed? A.volcanic ash layer B.glacial deposit C.limestone bed
D.all of the above may be used as key beds
23. ? represents thousands of years on the radiometric time scale. A.Ka B.Ga C.Ma D.all of the above
represent thousands of years on the radiometric time scale
24. The shape of the unit cell is ? in determining crystal form. A.important B.not important
25. ? formulated the concept of "Uniformitarianism". A.Charles Lyell B.James Hutton C.John Lightfoot
D.Charles Darwin E.Edwin Hubble
26. Which of the following is an agent of erosion? A.gravity B.ice C.wind D.water E.all of the above are
agents of erosion
27. ? of the critical minerals that the United States needs must be imported. A.a few B.some C.most
28. The best definition of an “orogeny” is A.formation of magma B.earthquake C.evolutionary development
D.volcano study E.mountain building
29. ? planets are composed primarily of gases. A.Terrestrial B.Jovian C.both Terrestrial and Jovian planets are
composed primarily of gases
30. Talc, asbestos and graphite are obtained from ? rocks. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous
31. The Earth’s crust is relatively ? compared to the other Earth layers. A.thin B.thick
32. Which of the following is a physical property used in identifying minerals? A.specific gravity B.luster
C.fracture D.cleavage E.all of the above are physical properties used in identifying minerals
33. The waste minerals in an ore are termed A.critical minerals B.strategic minerals C.gangue D.reserves
E.identified resources
34. The age of the universe has been obtained by studies on the A.history of stars B.Law of Blueshifts C.both
the history of stars and Law of Blueshifts have been used to determine the age of the universe
35. Facies fossils are used to determine A.the ages of rocks B.the type of ancient environment in which
organisms lived C.facies fossils are used for determining the ages of rocks, as well as the types of ancient
environments in which organisms lived
36. Rock layers are termed A.levels B.components C.biotas D.strata E.geochrons
37. Traditionally, paleontology and stratigraphy have been used primarily for studies of ? geologic time.
A.relative B.absolute C.both relative and absolute geologic time may be established by means of
paleontology and stratigraphy
38. Depletion time is the time it takes to use up about ? percent of the reserves of a mineral at a given rate of
use. A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40 E.80
39. The ? is composed mostly of an iron-nickel alloy. A.crust B.mantle C.core D.all of the above are made
from iron-nickel alloys
40. Isotopes of a particular element would have different numbers of A.neutrons B.protons C.both protons and
neutrons will vary
41. The Earth is divided into about a dozen ? plates. A.asthenospheric B.lithospheric C.both the asthenosphere
and lithosphere form the Earth’s plates
42. ? build ?. A.rocks, minerals B.minerals, rocks
43. Matching rock units is termed A.chronology B.petrology C.seismology D.paleogeography E.correlation
44. Pyrite and galena are A.sulfides B.sulfates C.phosphates D.carbonates E.halides
45. The universe is composed primarily of A.iron B.nickel C.oxides D.silicates E.hydrogen
46. ? is the study of the Earth's materials, such as minerals and rocks, and the various physical and chemical
changes that occur on its surface and in its interior. A.physical geology B.historical geology C.both
physical and historical geology are the study of the Earth's materials
47. Which of the following is an amphibole? A.augite B.olivine C.mica D.hornblende E.all of the above are
amphiboles
48. The most common element in the Earth’s crust is A.silicon B.aluminum C.sodium D.potassium E.oxygen
49. Which of the following is a native element? A.sulfur B.graphite C.diamond D.gold E.all of the above are
native elements
50. About 80% of the Earth’s volume consists of the A.crust B.mantle C.core D.the core and mantle together
would comprise about 80% of the Earth’s volume
51. Chemical reactions are due primarily to action of the atom’s A.protons B.neutrons C.electrons D.all of the
above equally influence chemical reactions
52. Particle size, shape and arrangement define a rock’s A.structure B.texture C.both texture and structure
refer to particle size, shape and arrangement
53. ? rocks are formed from other rocks due to changes in temperature, pressure, and reaction with chemical
fluids. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous
54. The Law of Faunal Succession involves the interpretation of A.Carbon 14 dating B.potassium-argon dating
C.fossils D.paleomagnetism E.the law of faunal succession involves the interpretation of all of the above
55. ? rocks crystallize from a magma. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous D.all of the above rock types
crystallize from a magma
56. Anions have a ? charge. A.positive B.negative C.some anions are positively charged, others are negatively
charged
57. The study of landforms is A.sedimentology B.stratigraphy C.geomorphology D.seismology
E.geochronology
58. ? rocks are the main source of many nonfuel minerals. A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous
59. Which of the following is not a Jovian planet? A.Venus B.Jupiter C.Neptune D.Uranus E.Saturn
60. In ? bonding, electrons are shared between atoms. A.covalent B.metallic C.ionic D.electrons are shared
between atoms in each of the above bonding types
61. Earth’s magnetic field is probably due to movements in the Earth’s A.crust B.mantle C.core D.all of the
above contribute to the Earth’s magnetic field
62. The crust consists of rocks of relatively ? density. A.low B.high
63. Mineral classification is based on the dominant ? present in the mineral. A.cation B.anion C.both cation
and anions types are important components used in mineral classification
64. In ?, the atoms are arranged in tetrahedra to form single chains, double chains, sheets, or frameworks.
A.oxides B.halides C.silicates D.native elements E.sulfides
65. The study of rocks is termed A.petroleum geology B.palynology C.paleontology D.geophysics
E.petrology
66. Quartz is ? in oceanic and mantle rocks. A.common B.rare
67. The universe is probably about ? billion years old. A.2.5 B.3.5 C.4.6 D.7.3 E.13.7
68. ? are sheet silicates that are common in continental rocks. A.olivines B.pyroxenes C.amphiboles D.micas
E.feldspars
69. Climate changes are due to changes in A.the Earth’s orbit B.continental plate positions C.shifting ocean
currents D.solar radiation E.all of the above have affected Earth’s climate
70. Calcite and dolomite are A.sulfides B.sulfates C.phosphates D.carbonates E.halides
71. The nucleus of an atom has a ? charge. A.positive B.negative C.the nucleus of an atom may have either a
negative or positive charge
72. The ? is the brittle material that includes the crust and upper mantle. A.lithosphere B.asthenosphere C.the
lithosphere and asthenosphere are both made of brittle material
73. Salt is formed through ? bonding. A.covalent B.metallic C.ionic D.salt forms due to all of the above types
of bonding
74. The most abundant chemical group of minerals are A.oxides B.halides C.silicates D.native elements
E.sulfides
75. This test number is A. Please answer "A" for question # 75.