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American Population -late 1700’s less than 4 million people • Young nation • Expensive to come here • Lower life expectancy -today OVER 300 million -what caused the growth? Immigration: people coming from other countries because of: Job opportunities, better life, education Birthrate: higher now due to technological advances in medicine. Citizenship -What is a citizen? Native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to a government (is entitled protection) 2 ways to become a citizen 1. born a citizen: • Born on U.S. soil/any 50 states or territories (Guam) • U.S. base overseas 2. through naturalization• Process where non-Americans become Americans • They become “naturalized” as Americans! Citizen By Birth -Citizenship by Birth -born anywhere in any part of the United States • D.C., American territories, Guam, Puerto Rico, military bases • -If your parents are citizens no matter where you were born • At least 1 parent -possible to be a dual citizen at birth EX- Born in Sweden to American parents • As long as the countries don’t conflict with each other •**except: Children born to foreign diplomats who live here keep citizenship of parents. "I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen; that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I will bear arms on behalf of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform noncombatant service in the Armed Forces of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform work of national importance under civilian direction when required by the law; and that I take this obligation freely without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; so help me God." Naturalization -naturalization Legal process to obtain citizenship -5 requirements 1. file an intent form: called a Declaration of Intent “saying” I want to be a citizen 2. live in U.S. for 5 years: married to citizens wait 3 years 3. be 18 years old: If you are under 18 and your parents do it then you’re in 4. take naturalization test: tested on reading, writing, speaking English, us history and CIVICS! 5. take citizenship oath: swearing loyalty Legal Aliens -Legal alien: What is the difference? Green Card aka Permanent Resident Card• Legal alien= • is a person’s proof of lawful permanent residency in the United • legal non-citizen States. -immigrant •A wallet-sized card showing that • a foreigner who enters a country to the person is a lawful permanent resident (immigrant) in the United settle there States. -has written permission to be in the •Has a right to live and work here U.S. • Alien = non-citizen • Visa / Green Card- Formal permission for a non-citizen to be in • Nonimmigrant visas are for people with permanent residence a nation outside the U.S. but who wish to -can’t vote or hold public office but… be in the U.S. on a temporary basis – for tourism, medical treatment, -have same legal rights as citizens business, temporary work or study. VISA•A citizen of a foreign country, wishing to enter the U.S., generally must first obtain a visa, either a •nonimmigrant visa for temporary stay •immigrant visa for permanent residence. • Visa applicants will need to apply overseas, at the U.S. Embassy or Consulate, generally in their country of permanent residence. • The type of visa you must have is defined by immigration law, and relates to the purpose of your travel. • A visa allows a foreign citizen to travel to the United States port-of entry, and request permission of the U.S. immigration inspector to enter the U.S. • Issuance of a visa does not guarantee entry to the United States. The CBP Officer at the port-of-entry determines whether you can be admitted and decides how long you can stay for any particular visit. •The vast majority work in lowskill, low-wage jobs. •More than ½ work in construction, manufacturing or leisure and hospitality. •By increasing the labor supply between 1980 and 2000, immigration reduced the average annual earnings of U.S.-born men by an estimated $1,700, or roughly 4 percent. • The reduction in earnings occurs regardless of whether the immigrants are legal or illegal, permanent or temporary. It is the presence of additional workers that reduces wages, not their legal status. Illegal Aliens -Illegal Aliens• Illegal non-citizen • Not supposed to be here -can not do anything legally in the U.S. • can’t vote, hold office, work • can be deported if found -The process of being expelled from a nation -why would someone come here if they would be an illegal alien??? • Job opportunities, better life, money, family…