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Renaissance Art
Italian Early and High
Renaissance Art
Art and Patronage
Italians were willing to spend a lot of
money on art.
/Art communicated social, political, and spiritual
values.
/Italian banking & international trade interests
had the money.
Public art in Florence was organized and
supported by guilds.
Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a
form of competition for social & political status!
Characteristics of
Renaissance Art
Realism & Expression
 Expulsion
from
the Garden
 Masaccio
 1427
 First
nudes since
classical times.
2. Perspective
First use of linear
perspective!
The Trinity
Masaccio
1427
3. Classicism

Greco-Roman
influence.

Secularism.

Humanism.
 Individualism
free standing
figures.


Symmetry/Balance
The “Classical Pose”
Medici “Venus”
4. Emphasis on Individualism
 Batista
Sforza &
Federico de
Montefeltre: The
Duke & Dutchess
of Urbino
 Piero
della
Francesca, 14651466.
5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures

The Dreyfus
Madonna
with the
Pomegranate

Leonardo da Vinci

1469

The figure as
architecture!
6. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities
Lives of the
Most
Excellent
Painters,
Sculptors, and
Architects
Giorgio Vasari
1550
Early Renaissance
The First Three
Hall-of-Famers
Masaccio
1401-1428

Founder of early
Renaissance Painting
 Painted human figure
as a real human being
(3D)
 Used perspective
 Consistent source of
light (accurate
shadows)
The Tribute Money
#2 Donatello 1386-1466
The sculptor’s
Masaccio
 David (1430-32)

– First free standing,
life-size nude since
Classical period
– Contrapposto
– Sense of Underlying
skeletal structure
The Penitent Magdalene
(Donatello)
Real gaunt
“Speak, speak or the
plague take you!”

#3 Boticelli
1482
 Rebirth of Classical
mythology
 Fully Pagan
 THE BIRTH OF
VENUS
The Italian Renaissance
Leonardo
 Michelangelo
 Raphael

Da Vinci
Vitruvian Man
(1490)
Classical Orders of
architecture
Da Vinci
Mona Lisa (15031517?)
Perspective,
Anatomy,
Composition
Da Vinci: Mona Lisa (1503-1517?)
Did you know that Leonardo da Vinci worked on his
masterpiece, the Mona Lisa, for over 10 years? He
wanted to make her perfect and to create depth in the
landscape behind her. da Vinci continued to paint
translucent layers of color over and over in order to
create the perfection that we now know as the Mona
Lisa.
His work remains a masterpiece today because of his
dedication to creating perfection in his art. He never
gave up on reviewing his art to make it better!
Cultural icon
Cultural icon
The Last Supper

Emotions
 Response
The Last Supper




Leonardo sought a greater detail and luminosity than
could be achieved with traditional fresco.
He painted The Last Supper on a dry wall rather
than on wet plaster, so it is not a true fresco.
He used a double layer of dried plaster over a stone
wall, he added an undercoat of white lead to
enhance the brightness of the oil and tempera that
was applied on top.
These techniques were important for Leonardo's
desire to work slowly on the painting, giving him
sufficient time to develop the gradual shading or
chiaroscuro that was essential in his style.
The Last Supper

The Last Supper in 1495 and completed it in 1498

One story goes that a prior from the monastery
complained to Leonardo about the delay, enraging
him. He wrote to the head of the monastery,
explaining he had been struggling to find the perfect
villainous face for Judas, and that if he could not find
a face corresponding with what he had in mind, he
would use the features of the prior who complained.
The Last Supper


Because the painting was on a thin exterior wall, the
effects of humidity were felt more keenly, and the
paint failed to properly adhere to the wall.
Because of the method used, soon after the painting
was completed on February 9, 1498 it began to
deteriorate.
Leonardo, later in his life,
is said to have regretted
"never having completed a
single work".
Michelangelo
David (based on the
biblical hero)
Michelangelo
Buonarotti
1504
Marble
The David
The sculpture include unusually
large head and hands. No one is
really sure why…take a moment
to observe the details of his face
the veins in his hands, and
remember, this statue was
carved out of marble!
Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel
The Last Judgment
Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel
The Delphic Sibyl
on the Sistine
Chapel ceiling
Raphael
School of Athens 1510
Raphael: School of Athens 1510
•Raphael was one of the great masters of the later Italian
Renaissance. He is famous for his skill at artistic techniques
like foreshortening and perspective.
•Foreshortening means adjusting a figure into non-realistic
proportions to give the impression that certain parts of the
body are closer to the viewer. For example, a subject's hands
are the same size, but if the subject is standing sideways,
then the more distant hand is painted smaller so it appears
further away.
•Perspective is a similar form of illustration where more
distant objects are painted smaller, and the edges of all
objects are angled towards a single point on the horizon - the
vanishing point. Our eyes perceive space around us this way,
so recreating the effect makes the painting feel real.
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
Michelangelo
Raphael and
Michelangelo were
rivals, but when
Rafael saw part of the
finished Sistine
Chapel ceiling he
added Michelangelo
into the painting as a
tribute.
Plato:
looks to
the
heavens
[or
the IDEAL
realm].
Aristotle:
looks to this
earth [the
here and
now].
Pythagoras
Ptolemy
Euclid