Download Muscular System

Muscular System
Parts of a Muscle
1. Origin:
Point of attachment that does not move
when a muscle contracts- usually bone,
can be another muscle.
2. Belly:
main body- actually contracts
3. Insertion:
point of attachment that moves when a
muscle contracts.
Muscle Actions
1. Agonist (prime movers)- move body out
of anatomical position (flexors,
abductors)
2. Antagonists- move body back to original
position
3. Fixators- stabilize other muscles
Naming Muscles
1. Location of the muscle:
anterior, dorsi, oculi=eye, oris=mouth
2. Size and shape:
maximus, minimis, lattismus= broad, trapezius (trapezoid), deltoid (delta)
3. Number of origins:
biceps (2), triceps (3), quadraceps (4)
4. Origins/ Insertions:
tibialis- tibia
femoris- femur
sternocleidomastoidusorigin- sternum and clavicle, insterion- mastoid process
5. Direction of fibers:
Orbicularis – in an orbit, rectus- run with midline, oblique – angled to midline
Muscles of the
Head and Neck
Muscle
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Frontalis
Galae
Aponeurotia
Skin/eyebrows
Raise eyebrows
Orbicularis Oculi
Frontal Maxilla
Eyelid
Closes eye
Orbicularis Oris
Maxilla
Mandible
Lips
Kissing muscle
Zygomaticus
Zygomatic
Corner of lips
Smile
Mentallis
Mandible
Lower lips
Protrude lower
lips (pout)
Muscle
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Buccinator
Mandible
Maxilla
Lips
Sucking muscle
(innate)
Platysma
Pectorallis Major
Lower mandible
Lowers jaw
(to speak)
Messeter
Zygomatic
Mandible
Closes jaw
(to speak)
Temporalis
Temporal
Mandible
Holds jaw closed
Pterygoids lateral
mediallis internus
Pterygoid plate
Mandible
Side to side
rotational
movement
Muscle
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Sternomastoid
Sternum/clavicle
Mastoid process
Lowers
chin/rotates ear to
chest, flexes head
Semispinalis
capitis
Upper thoracic
cervical
Upper cervical
Extends head
Muscles of the Chest
Muscle
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Pectorallis Major
Clavical sternum
ribs 1-6
Humerus
Pull arms forward
Serratus anterior
Ribs 1-9
Under arms to
scapula
Boxer musclespulls arms forward
and down
Lattisimus dorsi
Thoracic
vertebrae, lumbar
vertebrae, illiac
crest
Humerus
Pulls arms down
and back
Deltoid
Clavicle/ scapula
Humerus
Raises arms and
shoulders (shrugs)
Trapezius
Cervical vertebrae Clavicle, scapula
Thoracic
vertebrae
Raises shoulders,
pulls back
shoulders
Muscle
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Rectus
Abdominus
Pubis
Lower
ribs/sternum
Flexes trunk
(bend over)
External oblique
(on each side)
Ribs
Illiac crest
Together- flex
Separate- rotate
Triceps Brachi
Scapula 1 head
Humerus 2 heads
Olecronon
process of the
ulna
Extends elbow
Biceps Brachi
Corecoi process
humerus
Radius
Flex elbow
Supinate forearm
Brachioradiallis
Humerus
Radius
Flex and rotates
forearms
Muscle
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Flexor-carpi
Radiallis
Humerus
Matacarpals
Flex wrist
Flexor Digitorum
superficialis
Humerus/ulna
Middle phalangies Flex fingers
(2-5)
Flexor Pollicus
Longus
Radius
Thumb
Flexes thumb
inward to grasp
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus
Humerus
2nd Metacarpal
Extends wrist
Extensor
digitorum
Humerus
Distal phalangies
Extends fingers
Hips and Lower Appendages
Muscle
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Sartoris
Illiac spine
Medial tibia
(crosses leg)
Flex and rotate
thigh, flex knee
Biceps Femoris
Illium femur
Fibula tibia
Extends thigh
flexes knee
Rectus femoris
Illiac spine
Patella
Extend knee
Vastus laterallis
Trochanter
(femur)
Patella
Extends knee
Quadraceps
Femoris
Muscle
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Vastus mediallus
Linea aspera
Patella
Extends knee
Vastus
Intermedius
Femur shaft
Patella
Extends knee
Gluteus Maximus
Illium/ sacrum/
coccyx
Femur
Extends thigh and
rotates out
Gastrochemius
(calf)
Distal femur
Calcaneus
Extends foot by
raising heel
Soleus
Tibia
Achilles Tendon
Extends foot
Muscle
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Tibiallis Anterior
Tibia
Tarsals
Flex foot
Flextor digitorum
Tibia
Distal phalanges
Flexes toe
Extensor
digitorum longus
Tibia
Middle phalanges
Extends toe