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CHAPTER 1 TEST REVIEW “THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS” 1. What are things made by humans? ARTIFACTS 11. What was Mesopotamia’s climate like? HOT & DRY 2. What was the name for skilled workers who made things like pottery, etc? ARTISANS 12. What do we call the times of extreme cold with great ice sheets? ICE AGE 3. What is the metal that is a mixture of copper and tin? BRONZE 13. What is the building of dams, channels and ditches to bring water to crops called? IRRIGATION 4. What is a group of traveling merchants called? CARAVAN 5. What is Sumerian writing called? CUNEIFORM 6. What is a group of many different lands under one ruler called? EMPIRE 7. What is a long poem that tells the story of a hero? EPIC 8. Who is most remembered for the legal code he wrote? HAMMURABI 9. What do we call people who study and write about the human past? HISTORIANS 10. What group of people found a way to make iron strong enough for weapons and the Assyrians copied their idea? HITTITES 14. What is one of the oldest known cities in what is today Israel? JERICHO 15. Where is the “cradle of civilization”? MESOPOTAMIA 16. What social class included merchants, farmers, and artisans? MIDDLE 17. What building material did Sumerians use for their buildings? MUD BRICKS 18. Who was the Chaldean king who built the Hanging Gardens for his wife? NEBUCHADNEZZAR 19. What city was the center of the Chaldean empire? BABYLON 20. What is another name for “Old Stone Age”? PALEOLITHIC 21. Why do some historians consider the farming revolution to be the most important event in human history? - A STEADY FOOD SUPPLY - POPULATION INCREASED SPECIALIZATION OF SKILLS VILLAGES LED TO CIVILIZATIONS 22. Describe some of the military accomplishments of the Assyrians. - BATTERING RAMS - IRON WEAPONS - TUNNELED UNDER WALLS - LADDERS TO GO OVER WALLS - ORGANIZED ARMY -