Download Subatomic Particles

The Atom
•
Explain the story of Democritus
and the piece of salt.
•
Atoms are the basic units of
__________.
Atoms are _________ small.
Atoms are made of
_____________ particles.
•
•
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Atomic Structure
• There are _______+ types of subatomic
particles.
• Protons:
1. found in the _____________
2. have a _____________ charge
3. their __________ is approximately equal
to 1 __________________ (amu)
• Neutrons:
1. found in the _____________
2. have _____ charge (neutral)
3. their __________ is approximately equal
to 1 __________________ (amu)
• Electrons:
1. found _____________ the nucleus in the
_____________ (electron cloud/orbits)
2. have a _____________ charge
3. their mass is approximately equal to
_______ amu
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How to Read the
Periodic Table
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Vertical columns are called _______ or
_______.
These elements have similar but not identical
characteristics.
Horizontal rows are called _______.
1. These elements are not alike in
properties. The first element in a period
is usually an active solid, and the last
element in a period is always an active
gas.
2. Atomic size decreases from left to right
across a period, but atomic mass
increases from left to right across a
period.
Black letters represent the _______ phase.
Green letters represent the_______ phase.
Red letters represent the _______ phase.
The lanthanoid series and actinoid series are
known as _____________ metals.
3
How to Read the Periodic
Table
(Labeling All the Parts)
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C
Carbon
12.011
4
Calculating Protons,
Neutrons, and Electrons
• Atomic number (Z)=number of
protons (p+)=number of
electrons (e-)
• Mass number (A)=number of
protons (p+) and neutrons (n°)
• A – Z = # of n°
• A = Z + # of n°
• A = (# of p+) +(# of n°)
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Calculating the Number
of Neutrons
• Step 1: Identify the atomic
number (Z).
↓
Identify the mass number (A).
• Step 2: Round off the mass
number (A) to the nearest
whole number.
↓
• Step 3: Subtract the atomic
number (Z) from the mass
number (A).
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Chemical Elements
• _________ are made up entirely of
___ type of atom.
• There are ___ naturally occurring
elements
• Each element has its own symbol
consisting of ___, ___, or ___
letters.
(ex. hydrogen=H, _______=O,
lithium=___, lead=___,
_________=Uun, etc.)
• Most elements are _______.
(ex. C, S, P, Na, Ca, K, etc.)
• Some elements are _______.
(ex. O, N, Cl, etc.)
• Few elements are _______.
(ex. Hg, Br, etc.)
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Games! Games!
Games! Games!
The following five links will takes
you to some fun websites for
some memory games relating to
atomic number, mass number,
symbols and names, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
www.edu4kids.com/chem/
www.quia.com/custom/786gate.html
www.quia.com/custom/786flas.html
www.quia.com/custom/786conc.html
http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/index.asp
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Isotopes
• The ____________ (Z) of an element never
changes. However, the number of _______ can
vary from one atom of the element to the next.
• Examples:
1. ordinary hydrogen= ___ p+, ___ e-, and ___ n°
2. deuterium= ___ p+, ___ e-, and ___ n°
3. tritium= ___ p+, ___ e-, and ___ n°
• All three forms of hydrogen have the same
___________ (Z) but they each have a different
___________ (A).
• Atoms of the same _________ that have the
same number of ________ (p+) but different
numbers of ________ (n°) are known as
_________ of that element.
• _________ of an element are represented b
adding the number that indicates the
___________ (A) of hat isotope to the
___________.
• Examples:
1. Ordinary hydrogen is written ___.
2. Deuterium is written ___.
3. Tritium is written ___.
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Radioactive Isotopes
• The _______ of some atoms are
_______ and will from time to time break
down, releasing _______ and/or _______
that we call _______. Atoms that emit
radiation are said to be _______. Many
elements have at least ___ radioactive
_______. All the isotopes of elements
with atomic numbers (Z) _______ than
___ are _______.
• Practical uses of radioactive isotopes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
• Radioactive isotopes must be handled
with great _______.
• Radiation can _______ or _______ living
things.
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Chemical Compounds
• When _______ combine to form
substances consisting of ___ or more
different _______, chemical _______ are
formed.
• The atoms in a chemical compound are
combined in _______ proportions.
• Chemical compounds are represented by
____________.
• Examples of chemical formulas:
1. water = H20
2. table salt = _______
3. sulfuric acid = _______
4. carbon dioxide = _______
5. carbon monoxide = _______
6. ammonia = _______
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