Download Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria
*the oldest living organisms on Earth
*there is evidence that bacteria without
nuclei lived on earth 3.5 billion years
ago
Archaeo= ancient
Bacteria = a unicellular micro-organism
The 3 groups of Archaebacteria
1)
2)
3)
Methanogens
Extreme Halophiles
Thermoacidophiles
1) Methanogens:
 *They are bacteria
that make methane
 *oxygen is a poison to
these bacteria *They
produce energy by
converting H2 and
CO2 into methane
gas.
 *thrive in extreme
environments
geothermal springs (200 m below
ground)
Methanogens have been discovered in two
extreme environments on Earth
Habitat:

1) Buried under kilometres of ice in

Greenland
2) living in hot, dry desert soil.
Mars

Some scientists have
proposed that the
presence of methane
in the Martian
atmosphere may be
indicative of native
methanogens on that
planet

http://www.space.com/science
astronomy/051220_science_tu
esday.html
2) Extreme Halophiles
Name means: "salt-loving" bacteria live in
environments with a very high salt
concentration that would kill most other
bacteria.
*use salt to get energy
*Found in the Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake,
etc.




Colonies of “salty” bacteria built
this!!!
Habitat:
Shark bay, Australia.
rocky formations up to 1.5
meters high which were
built by colonies of
halophiles.
Dead Sea
Great Salt Lake
3) Thermoacidophiles

Name Means: hot acid
loving bacteria

*Live in extremely hot
(110 C) and acidic (pH 2)
conditions. {The pH of
water is about 7}
3) Thermoacidophiles
Habitat:
 Found in hot springs in
Yellowstone National
Park, in volcanic vents
on land, & in cracks on
the ocean floor that leak
scalding acidic water
Bacteria Of Boiling Hot Springs In
Yellowstone National Park
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Eu = new or true
Shape of bacterial cells
a)
Cocci - round
bacterial cells.
(cox-eye).
A
B
b) Bacilli - rodshaped bacterial
cells.
c) Spirilli
(corkscrew) spiral-shaped bacterial
cells
C
A teaspoon of soil generally
contains between 100 million and
1 billion bacteria
Beneficial Bacteria
The overwhelming majority of
bacteria are completely harmless
5 types of friendly bacteria
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nature’s recyclers
In our body
Food production
Oil spills
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Nature’s recyclers
Saprotrophic eater-eat
dead things for food
*release nutrients back
into the environment
*man-made landscapes
often lack these good
bacteria
A scanning electron
micrograph of the aerobic
soil bacterium
Pseudomonas fluorescens.
The bacterium uses its
long, whiplike flagellae to
propel itself through the
water layer that surrounds
soil particles.
2) Our bodies:



Escherichia coli
is a normal resident of the
intestines in healthy
people
it helps us break down
food waste products
We pretty much depend
upon E. coli in our
intestines for our source
of Vitamin K and Bcomplex vitamins.
3) Food production
 Streptococcus
lactis bacteria convert milk
to cheese by causing the souring of milk
that begins the cheese making process,
 bacteria convert grapes to wine and then
wine to vinegar
 The name for this process is
FERMENTATION
Fermentation

A chemical process that occurs when bacteria
change sugar into various products
 It is a way that bacterial cells get energy without
using oxygen
Examples:
 Grapes----- Wine---------- Vinegar
 Milk -----Yogurt or cheese
 Cabbage ----- Sauerkraut
4) Oil spills

Naturally occurring,
oil-eating bacteria are
used in response to
crude oil spills

without causing
further harm to the
environment.
How do oil spills cause harm?
*Birds die from oil spills if
their feathers are covered
in oil. The bird will then
be poisoned because it
will try to clean itself.
*Oil may also cause the
death of an animal by
entering the animal’s
lungs or liver
More than half of the seal
pups living off the coast of
Mid-Norway are contaminated
with oil every spring
5) Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

some plants (peanuts, beans,
peas) have pockets of
bacteria in their roots
 can take Nitrogen from the air
and make it useful for plants
and animals by making the
soil fertile
 helps farmers save $ on
fertilizers
 plants use Nitrogen to make
needed proteins
How do bacteria reproduce?
 Grow

in number not in size
Humans grow in size from child to adult
 Make
copies of themselves by dividing in
half

Human parents create a child
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom©
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
How do bacteria eat?


Some make their own food from
sunlight—like plants-autotrophic
Photosynthetic
bacteria
Some are scavengers-saprotrophic

Share the environment around them
• Example: The bacteria in your stomach
are now eating what you ate for breakfast

Some are warriors (pathogens)

They attack other living things-heterotrophic
Harmless bacteria
on the stomach
lining
• Example: The bacteria on your face can
attack skin causing infection and acne
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom©
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
E. Coli O157:H7
is a pathogen
What is a pathogen?
 Bacteria

that make you sick
Why do they make you sick?
• To get food they need to survive and reproduce

How do they make you sick?
• They produce poisons (toxins) that result in fever,
headache, vomiting, and diarrhea and destroy
body tissue
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom©
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
Where do you get a
pathogen?
Indirect contact
 Contact

with people who are sick
Direct or indirect
 Food,
Water, or other Surfaces that
are contaminated
Foods that
could be
contaminated
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom©
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006
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