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Common Misconceptions
WRONG
CORRECT
1. Photosynthesis occur in the presence of oxygen. 1. Photosynthesis occur in the presence of carbon dioxide and oxygen
Word equation for photosynthesis:
is produce as a by-product
carbon dioxide + water -> oxygen + glucose
Light and chlorophyll
(insufficient ans)
carbon dioxide + water --------> oxygen + glucose
2. Photosynthesis only occur in the presence of light
2. Only the light stage of photosynthesis occur in the presence of light.
That is when light energy is converted to chemical energy. This is
when light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll and being used to
split water (H20) into hydrogen and oxygen. Light independent stage is
where glucose is form from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
3. O from C6H12O6 comes from water.
3. O from C6H12O6 comes from carbon dioxide, not from water.
4. Respiration is breathing.
4. Respiration is not breathing. Plants also carry out respiration. Do
plants breath? No! Respiration is the breakdown of glucose to release
energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. (ATP) Breathing is the
exchange of gases in the respiratory system.
5. Respiration only takes place in respiratory system/ 5. Respiration takes place in all cells, particularly in the organelle,
lungs.
mitochondrion of cells. (Hence, cells that require a lot of energy will
have many mitochondrion e.g. skeletal muscles and sperm cells)
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6. Anaerobic respiration can take place in all cells
6. Anaerobic respiration can only take place in skeletal muscles and
not any other cells in the human body.
7. Aerobic respiration produces by-product lactic 7. Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid.
acid.
8. Lactic acid decreases because the person stop 8. Lactic acid decreases because the lactic acid is removed from the
exercising.
muscles and transported to the liver. Some of the lactic acid is oxidized
to produce energy. This energy is used to convert the remaining lactic
acid to glucose. Glucose is then transported back to the muscle. The
body is now ready for another race.
9. Oxygen debt occur because lactic acid is 9. Oxygen debt results from insufficient oxygen to meet the demands
produced.
in vigorous muscular contractions resulting in anaerobic respiration
which produces lactic acid and a small amount of energy.
10. When anaerobic respiration occur, aerobic 10. Anaerobic respiration occur together with aerobic respiration to
respiration stop.
produce the extra energy because maximum aerobic respiration
cannot produce energy fast enough to meet the demand.
11. The blood pressure is high because the arterial 11. The blood pressure in the arteries is high because it is nearest to
wall is thick.
the heart which contract and pump blood at high pressure to the aorta
and the arteries. And the arterial wall being thick is to withstand the
high blood pressure.
12. Valves are present in all blood vessels.
12. Valves are present only in the heart (bicuspid valve between LA,
LV, and tricuspid valve between RA and RV.), the aorta and pulmonary
arteries and all veins have valves.
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13. There is only 1 valve in each vein.
13. There are many valves at intervals of a vein.
14. All veins transport deoxygenated blood.
14. All veins transport deoxygenated blood except for pulmonary vein
which transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
15. All veins transport blood away from the heart. 15. All veins transport blood towards the heart. The blood pressure is
The blood pressure is lowest in the capillaries.
lowest in the veins.
16. For the lock and key hypothesis, the key refer to 16. “EL” “EL” “EL” “EL” “EL” “EL” “EL” “EL” “EL” “EL” “EL” “EL”
enzyme and the lock refer to substrate.
Enzyme refer to the Lock while
Substrate refer to the Key
17. Active side (No correct!!!)
17. Active Site
18. Active site found on substrate.
18. Active Site is found on the enzyme
19. Extreme pH and temperature kills the enzymes
19. Extreme pH and temperature denatures the enzymes because the
3D configuration of the active site is affected and changes it’s shape
such that the substrate can no longer fit in.
20. Pancreatic duct is block, the pancreas stop 20. Pancreatic duct is block, the pancreas still produce the pancreatic
producing pancreatic juice.
juice but it is not send to the small intestine.
21. Pancreatic duct being block result in bile not 21. Bile is still send to the small intestine via the bile duct, not the
send to the small intestine.
pancreatic duct. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall
bladder.
22. Pancreatic duct being block result in obesity
22. Pancreatic duct being block will affect digestion since pancreatic
juice is not send to the small intestine. The person will suffer from
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malnutrition. How can fats, protein and carbohydrate NOT digested
can be absorbed and result in obesity?
23. Symptoms (not measurable) of a diabetic person 23. Symptoms of a diabetic person – tingling or numbness in the
– leg amputation, high blood pressure, blindness.
limbs, affected vision, weakness and tiredness.
24. XY sex chromosome result in a girl.
24. XY sex chromosome result in a boy while XX sex chromosome
result in a girl.
25. Production of insulin by pancreas
25. Production of insulin by islets of Langerhans.
26. Genotype – night blindness
26. Genotype – Nn
27. Gametes N
27. Gametes
28. Phenotype: Boy , Girl
28. Phenotype: Normal vision vs Night Blindness
N
29. Examples of pathway by which impulses travel 29. Examples of pathway by which impulses travel from receptor to
from receptor to effector e.g. Nervous pathway, effector e.g. Cranial reflex arc, pupil reflex, spinal reflex arc
electrical pathway.
30. Complete dominance means when both alleles 30. Complete dominance means that the dominant allele completely
are dominant e.g. AA.
masked the recessive allele such that the phenotype of the dominant
Allele is made up of DNA, genes and chromosomes. allele will express itself in both homozygous dominant and
heterozygous state.
Allele is a different form of the same gene. It occupy the same position
on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
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31. Self pollination is an example of asexual 31. Both self pollination and cross pollination are examples of sexual
reproduction.
reproduction. Self pollination and cross pollination can result in
offspring that are genetically dissimilar to their parents.
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