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KH 2220
Laura Abbott, MS,
LMT
Day 13
Upper Extremities, Boney
Landmarks of Scapula, Clavicle,
Humerus, Ulna, Radius
Some Terminology
Pectoral girdle------clavicle and scapula
 Arm bone------------humerus
 Forearm bones------radius and ulna
 Wrist bones----------carpals
 Hand bones----------metacarpal
 Finger bones---------phalanges

Joints

Scapulothoracic
 Thoracic
ribs to scapula
 No ligaments
 Supplies rhythm of the shoulder

3 degree of AB-duction= 1degree of scapular
rotation
Joints

Sternoclavicular
 Anterior
sternoclavicular
Ligament
 Posterior
sternoclavicular
ligament
Joints

Acromioclavicular
 Acromion
process to acromial end of clavicle
 2nd most commonly injured joint
 Acromioclavicular ligament
 Coracoclavicular Ligaments (2):
- trapezoid – anterior, longer, lateral
- conoid – shorter, medial
Clavicle




The clavicle (collarbone) is an "S" shaped long
bone.
Its medial end attaches to the manubrium and its
lateral end attaches to the scapula.
It may be easily palpated along its entire length.
Its primary function is to brace the scapula
against the rib cage.
Because of its position, it is easily fractures by
compression forces transmitted from the arm
Scapula

The scapula is a flat triangular bone
situated between ribs 2 and 7.

It has the following features:

It has 3 borders:

superior border,
 medial (vertebral) border,
 (axillary) border.

It also has 3 angle:

superior angle
 inferior angle
 lateral angle.



The spine of the scapula.
The acromion is the large bump on the lateral
end of the spine. It is the "tip of the shoulder."
It attaches to the lateral end of the clavicle.
It has two fossas





supraspinous fossa is a hollow just above the spine
infraspinous fossa is a hollow just below the spine.
The coracoid process.
The glenoid fossa is a shallow pocket on the
lateral border.
The subscapular fossa is a shallow depression
on the anterior surface of the scapula.
Humerus



The head is the rounded proximal end of the
humerus, which fits into the glenoid fossa.
The anatomical neck is a groove just distal to
the head.
The surgical neck is the tapered section distal
to the anatomical neck. It is called the surgical
neck because this is the part that tends to
fracture in a traumatic injury.
The greater tubercle is a bump situated
laterally to the head.
 The lesser tubercle is a bump situated
anteriorly to the head.
 The bicipital groove is the gutter situated
between 4 and 5.
 The deltoid tuberosity is the bump midway
between the lesser tubercle & medial
epicondyle

The medial epicondyle and lateral
epicondyle are 2 projections on the medial
and lateral sides of the distal humerus.
 The trochlea and capitulum are 2
projections on the distal end of the bones.
 The olecranon fossa and coronoid fossas
are 2 depressions close to the distal end
of

Forearm: Ulna


The olecranon process: is a
very prominent bump on the
proximal end of the ulna. It is
easily palpated on the back
of the elbow.
The olecranon process fits
into olecranon fossa of the
humerus when the forearm is
fully extended and "locked".
In fact, it is the meeting of the
olecranon process and the
olecranon fossa that allows
us to lock the forearm in full
extension.
Ulna, cont’d

The coronoid process is a
teeny-weeny projection that fits
into the coronoid fossa of the
humerus when the forearm is
fully flexed.

The trochlear notch is a
hollowed out surface on the
proximal part of the ulna. It fits
around the trochlea of the
humerus.

The head of the ulna is the
rounded distal end of the bone.
It has a knob called styloid
process, which is easily
palpated on the medial
posterior side of the wrist.
Forearm: Radius


The head of the radius is a
wheel-like projection on the
proximal end of the bone.
The top of the head meets
the capitulum of the
humerus.
The side of the head meets
the ulna. The head of the
radius is able to spin upon
the ulna; it is this movement
that allows the rest of the
radius to cross on the ulna.


The radial tuberosity is a bump
just distal to the head.
The styloid process is a
knobby projection on the distal
end of the bone. It is more
prominent as the styloid
process of the ulna, but it may
be palpated on the lateral side
of the wrist.