Download Why do things move?

Lesson 1
Motion
Lesson 2
Forces and Motion
Lesson 3
Work and Energy
Lesson 4
Simple Machines
Why do things move?
position
motion
frame of reference
speed
velocity
acceleration
momentum
What is motion?
Motion is a change in position over time.
What is speed?
speed = distance ÷ time
bee 8 m/s
giraffe 14 m/s
3 eagle 33 m/s
horse 21 m/s
turtle 2 m/s
cheetah 33 m/s
dolphin 12 m/s
Speed is how fast an object’s position changes over time.
What is acceleration?
acceleration = change in speed ÷ time
Acceleration is the change in
an object’s velocity over time.
What is
momentum?
momentum = mass x velocity
The more momentum an object has, the easier it is for
that object to move other objects.
Main Idea
Is speed or velocity more helpful to a pilot?
Why?
Velocity is more helpful, because it
tells the pilot how fast the plane is
moving and the direction it is traveling.
Vocabulary
_______________
is the location of an object.
Position
_______________
is the change in velocity over
Acceleration
time for an object.
A group of objects from which you can measure a
position or motion is a ________________.
_______________
is the product of mass
Momentum
multiplied by velocity.
momentum
position
acceleration
frame of reference
Vocabulary
________
Speed is how fast an object’s position changes
over time.
________
Velocity is the measurement that combines both
the speed and direction of a moving object.
________
Motion is a change in position over time.
velocity
motion
speed
Main Idea
and Details
How could an object accelerate
while still traveling at a constant
speed?
Main Idea
Details
A car driving
around a
circular
track is
accelerating.
Velocity is
changing as
direction
changes;
speed is
constant.
End of Lesson
force
friction
balanced force
unbalanced
force
action force
reaction force
What are forces?
A force is any push or pull
from one object to another.
What are gravity and friction?
drag
gravity
What is Newton’s First Law?
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW
An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an
object in constant motion tends to stay in motion,
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
What is Newton’s Second Law?
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
The unbalanced force on an object is equal to the
mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration:
F=m x a.
What is Newton’s Third Law?
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW
All forces occur in pairs, and these two forces
are equal in strength an opposite in direction.
Main Idea
What forces are at work on a floating object?
Are they balanced?
The forces at work on a floating object are
gravity and buoyancy. They are balanced.
Vocabulary
The push of the second object back on the
first object is a _______________.
When forces act on an object without
changing its motion, it is a _______________.
A _______________ is any push or pull from
one object to another.
reaction force
force
balanced force
Vocabulary
A force that causes an object to change its
motion is an ________________.
The push of the first object on the second
object is an _______________.
_______________
is a force that opposes the
Friction
motion of one object moving past another.
unbalanced force
friction
action force
Problem
and
Solution
How could
you decrease
the drag on
an airplane?
wide, flat surfaces drag
on the plane
adjust or redesign surfaces
that cause friction
drag on the plane is
decreased
End of Lesson
work
energy
potential energy
kinetic energy
law of
conservation
of energy
What is work?
Work is the measurement of
energy used to perform a task.
work = force x distance
force
distance
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to perform work or to change an object.
lifting
dropping
throwing
How can energy change?
The kinetic
energy of falling
water is changed
into electricity at
a hydroelectric
dam.
Main Idea
When is work done when you throw
and catch a ball?
Work is done as the ball is thrown and
accelerates. Work is done when the
ball is caught and is stopped.
Vocabulary
__________________
is the ability to perform work or
Energy
to change an object.
_________________
Potential Energy is energy that is stored in the
position, or structure of an object.
__________________
is the measurement of the
Work
energy used to perform a task.
The theory that states energy cannot be created or
destroyed, it can only change form is called the
________________.
__________________________.
_________________
is the energy of a moving object.
Kinetic energy
work
energy
potential energy
kinetic energy
law of conservation of energy
Infer
When might kinetic energy turn
into sound energy?
Clues
What I Know
What I Infer
Clap
your
hands.
Energy
cannot be
created or
destroyed, it
can only
change form.
Kinetic
energy
turns into
sound
energy.
End of Lesson
simple
machine
effort
load
fulcrum
compound
machine
efficiency
What are simple machines?
A simple machine is a machine
that takes one force and changes
its direction, distance, or strength.
lever
wheel and axle
pulley
inclined plane
wedge
screw
What are levers?
KEY
effort
output
effort
arm
resistance
arm
fulcrum
second-class lever
first-class levers
Which machines are like levers?
Pulley
Wheel and axle
What are inclined planes?
output
resistance arm
effort arm
What are compound machines?
electric winch
When two or
more simple
machines are
combined
they form a
compound
machine.
elevator
counterbalance
pulley
Main Idea
How could several pulleys help you lift
a very heavy object?
The pulley system could redirect your
effort so that you could pull down
instead of lift up. More importantly, a
pulley system could multiply your
effort so that you could lift the object
more easily.
Vocabulary
______________
is the force you apply to a
Effort
machine.
A ______________ is a machine that takes one
force and changes its direction, distance, or
strength.
The ______________ is the pivot point around
which the bar of a lever rotates.
simple machine
fulcrum
effort
Vocabulary
__________________
is the ratio of input
Efficiency
energy to output work, usually written as a
percentage.
When two or more simple machines are
combined they form a __________________.
The __________________ is the object moved
by the output.
load
efficiency
compound machine
Main Idea
Write a list of at least three parts in
a car and state what kind of simple
machine each is.
Car Part
wheels of the car
Simple Machine
wheel and axle
windshield wipers third-class levers
doors
third-class levers
End of Lesson