Download Infection Control and Preventions

INFECTION CONTROL AND
PREVENTIONS
CHAIN OF INFECTION REVISITED
 For
an infection to occur there are six
factors that must be present.
 These six factors occur in a cyclical
patterns that begin with the infectious
agent.
 In this chain if there is any break an
infection will not occur.
THE SIX ELEMENTS OF CHAIN OF INFECTION
___________________
 Reservoir
 ____________________
 Mode of transmission
 ____________________
 Susceptible Host

PREVENTION
 Proper
____________________ is essential to
prevent the spread of disease producing
microorganism.
 Using disinfectants
 Sterilizing
 Using ___________________________.
MEDICAL VERSES SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 ____________
____________is considered, “clean
technique”, maintaining a clean area or
environment.
 ______________ __________is considered, “sterile
technique”, in which there are no
microorganisms present (an operating room).
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Standard Precautions or _________________
_________________are used for all patients.
 According to Centers for Disease Prevention (CDC),
Standard Precautions represent the minimum
infection prevention measures that apply to all patient
care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection
status of the patient, in any setting where healthcare
is delivered.

(CDC, November 9, 2011)
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS
Transmission based precautions are used for patients
that have known _______________ ________________.
 According to Centers for Disease Control,
Transmission-Based Precautions are intended to
supplement Standard Precautions in patients with
known or suspected colonization or infection of highly
transmissible or epidemiologically important
pathogens.

(CDC, November 9, 2011)
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS
 __________________________________
 Droplet
Precautions
 ___________________________________
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
 _______________
______________are used for those
infections that are transmitted through the air
after being expelled. The particles are so small
that they attach to moisture in the air.
 Diseases consist of: Tuberculosis, Chickenpox
and Measles.
 Prevention: standard, wear respiratory
protection, patient may be in private room with
specific ventilation.
DROPLET PRECAUTIONS
 Droplet
infections does not remain in the air
like Airborne, but can be expelled for up to three
feet such as coughing, sneezing and even
talking.
 Diseases consist of Pertussis (whooping
cough), and Influenza.
 Prevention: standard, mask when working
three feet of patient, shared room with person
with same pathogen, or private room.
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
Contact infections can occur through either, “direct
contact or indirect contact”.
 Direct contact would be through _________ ___
_______and indirect would consist of touching
something such as a patients linen or an article that
the infected person has touched.
 Touching a doorknob that an infected person has
touched is also a way of being infected.
 Prevention: Standard Precautions, Use personal
protective equipment (PPE).
 Patient can share with person with same pathogen or
private room.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9HoLrvVNv
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SUMMARY
 The
chain of infection is a cyclical pattern
describing how infections occur.
 Hand washing is the most important practice
in the prevention of the spread of infections.
 Standard Precautions help lower the risk of
transmitting pathogens.
 Noncompliance with Standard Precautions
can result in the healthcare worker becoming
infected, result in serious illness or death.
REVIEW
 Define
Standard Precautions
 List two examples of personal protective
equipment.
 Differentiate between droplet precautions
and airborne precautions.