Download Science_Standard_6_LFS - Brandywine School District

Science Standard 6
Life Processes
The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and
energy. Living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes, have mechanisms and behaviors to
regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving
human health and well being.
Strand
Structure/Function
Relationship
Enduring Understanding:
Living systems, from the
organismic to the cellular
level, demonstrate the
complementary nature of
structure and function.
Essential Question:
How does structure relate to
function in living systems
from the cellular to the
organismic level?
Grades K-3
A. Plants and animals are similar to
and different from each other in
observable structures and behavior.
These characteristics distinguish
them from each other and from
nonliving things.
Level: Essential
B. Each plant or animal has
different structures that serve
different functions in growth,
survival and reproduction.
Level: Essential
C. In animals the skeletal-muscular
system provides structure, support
and enables movement.
Level: Essential
Grades 4-5
A. Structures that function for
similar purposes in living things
may have different appearances.
Level: Essential
B. The digestive system has
major structures that function to
break down food for use in the
body. The major parts of the
digestive system include the
mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, and large
intestine.
Level: Compact
C. Organisms can be grouped
based on similarities and
differences in their structures
and functions. These may
include characteristics such as
appendages, roots and leaves of
plants, or the presence or lack of
a backbone.
4Level: Essential
Grades 6-8
A. Living organisms share common
characteristics that distinguish them
from non-living, dead, and dormant
things. They grow, consume
nutrients, exchange gases, respond
to stimuli, reproduce, need water,
eliminate waste, and are composed
of cell(s).
Level: Essential
Grades 9-12
A. In order to establish and
maintain their complex
organization and structure,
organisms must obtain,
transform, and transport matter
and energy, eliminate waste
products, and coordinate their
internal activities.
Level: Essential
B. Living systems in all kingdoms
demonstrate the complementary
nature of structure and function.
Important levels of organization for
structure and function include cells,
tissues, organs, organ systems, and
organisms.
Level: Important
B. Cells take highly varied
forms in different plants,
animals, and microorganisms.
Structural variations among cells
determine the function each cell
performs.
Level: Essential
C. Most organisms are single celled
while others are multi-cellular.
Multi-cellular organisms consist of
individual cells that cannot survive
independently, while single-celled
organisms are composed of one cell
that can survive independently.
Level: Important
D. The cell is the fundamental unit
of life. Cells have basic needs for
survival. They use energy, consume
materials, require water, eliminate
waste, and reproduce.
Level: Essential
C. Cells have distinct and
separate structures (organelles),
which perform and monitor
processes essential for survival
of the cell (e.g., energy use,
waste disposal, synthesis of new
molecules, and storage of genetic
material). The highly specific
function of each organelle is
directly related to its structure.
Level: Important
D. The cell membrane is
dynamic and interacts with
internal membranous structures
as materials are transported into
and out of the cell.
Level: Essential
Science Standard 6
Life Processes
The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and
energy. Living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes, have mechanisms and behaviors to
regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving
human health and well being.
Strand
Grades K-3
Grades 4-5
Grades 6-8
E. Most cells contain a set of
observable structures called
organelles which allow them to
carry out life processes. Major
organelles include vacuoles, cell
membrane, nucleus, and
mitochondria. Plant cells have a
cell wall and chloroplasts.
Level: Important
F. The human body has systems
that perform functions necessary
for life. Major systems of the
human body include the
digestive, respiratory,
reproductive, and circulatory
systems.
Level: Essential
Grades 9-12
E. The transport of materials
across the membrane can be
passive (does not require the
expenditure of cellular energy),
or active (requires the
expenditure of cellular energy)
depending upon membrane
structure and concentration
gradients.
Level: Important
F. Cells store and use
information to guide their
functions. DNA molecules in
each cell carry coded instructions
for synthesizing protein
molecules. The protein
molecules have important
structural and regulatory
functions.
Level: Essential
G. Humans have a nervous
system composed of a brain and
specialized cells that conduct
signals rapidly through the long
cell extensions that make up
nerves. The nerve cells
communicate with each other by
secreting specific molecules
(neurotransmitters).
Level: Compact
Science Standard 6
Life Processes
The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and
energy. Living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes, have mechanisms and behaviors to
regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving
human health and well being.
Strand
Grades K-3
Grades 4-5
Grades 6-8
Grades 9-12
H. In multi-cellular
organisms, cells perform
specialized functions as parts
of sub-systems (e.g., tissues,
organs, and organ systems),
which work together to
maintain optimum conditions
for the benefit of the whole
organism.
Level: Important
I. The endocrine system
consists of glands which
secrete chemical messengers
(hormones) that are
transported via the circulatory
system and act on body
structures to maintain
homeostasis.
Level: Compact
J. The immune system
consists of cells, organs, and
secretions that protect the
organism from toxins,
irritants, and pathogens.
Level: Compact
Science Standard 6
Life Processes
The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and
energy. Living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes, have mechanisms and behaviors to
regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving
human health and well being.
Strand
Matter and Energy
Transformations
Enduring
Understanding:
All organisms transfer
matter and convert
energy from one form
to another. Both
matter and energy are
necessary to build and
maintain structures
within the organism.
Essential Question:
How is matter
transferred and energy
transferred/transformed
in living systems?
Grades K-3
A. Plants and animals are
living things. All living things
have basic needs for survival
including air, water, food
(nutrients), space, shelter, and
light.
Level: Essential
B. In addition to basic needs
for survival, living things have
needs specific to the organism
such as temperature range and
food requirements.
Level: Important
Grades 4-5
A. Plants need the Sun’s
energy to grow and survive.
Level: Essential
B. Animals need food to
provide materials and energy
for life which they derive
directly or indirectly from
plants.
Level: Essential
Grades 6-8
A. All organisms require energy.
A general distinction among
organisms is that plants use solar
energy to make their own food
(sugar) and animals acquire
energy directly or indirectly
from plants.
Level: Essential
B. Plants use the energy from
sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
water to produce sugars
(photosynthesis). Plants can use
the food (sugar) immediately or
store it for later use.
Level: Essential
C. Most living things use sugar
(from food) and oxygen to
release the energy needed to
carry out life processes (cellular
respiration). Other materials
from food are used for building
and repairing cell parts.
Level: Important
Grades 9-12
A. Cells carry out a variety of chemical
transformations (i.e., cellular respiration,
photosynthesis, and digestion) which allow
conversion of energy from one form to another,
the breakdown of molecules into smaller units,
and the building of larger molecules from
smaller ones. Most of these transformations are
made possible by protein catalysts called
enzymes.
Level: Essential
B. Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which
convert light energy into chemical energy
through the process of photosynthesis. This
chemical energy is used by the plants to convert
carbon dioxide and water into glucose
molecules, that may be used for energy or to
form plant structures. Photosynthesis adds
oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbon
dioxide.
Level: Essential
C. All organisms, including plants, use the
process of cellular respiration to transform
stored energy in food molecules into usable
energy. The energy produced is stored in
the form of ATP and is used by organisms
to conduct their life processes. Cellular
respiration may require oxygen and adds
carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Level: Essential
D. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
are complementary processes resulting in
the flow of energy and the cycling of
matter in ecosystems.
Level: Essential
Science Standard 6
Life Processes
The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and
energy. Living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes, have mechanisms and behaviors to
regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving
human health and well being.
Strand
Regulation and Behavior
Enduring Understanding:
Organisms respond to internal
and external cues, which
allow them to survive.
Essential Question: How do
responses to internal and
external cues aid in an
organism’s survival?
Grades K-3
A. Senses help humans and
other organisms detect
internal and external cues.
Level: Essential
B. The brain receives signals
from parts of the body via the
senses. In response, the brain
sends signals to parts of the
body to influence reactions.
Level: Essential
Grades 4-5
A. An organism displays
behaviors in response to
internal cues, such as hunger,
and external cues, such as
light, temperature, or
interaction with living things.
Level: Essential
B. There are similarities and
differences in how organisms
respond to internal and
external cues. These
behaviors may include
strategies for acquiring food,
building shelters, or evading
predators.
Level: Important
Grades 6-8
A. Regulation of an
organism’s internal
environment involves
sensing external
changes in the
environment and
responding
physiologically to keep
conditions within the
range required for
survival (e.g., increasing
heart rate with
exertion).
Level: Compact
Grades 9-12
A. The endocrine, nervous, and
immune systems coordinate and
help maintain homeostasis in
humans and other organisms.
Level: Compact
B. Multi-cellular animals have
nervous systems that generate
behavioral responses. These
responses result from interactions
between organisms of the same
species, organisms of different
species, and from environmental
changes.
Level: Compact
Science Standard 6
Life Processes
The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and
energy. Living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes, and have mechanisms and behaviors to
regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving
human health and well being.
Strand
Life Processes and
Technology Application
Enduring Understanding:
Grades K-8: The life
processes of organisms are
affected by their interactions
with each other and their
environment, and may be
altered by human
manipulation.
Grades 9-12: The health of
humans and other organisms
is affected by their
interactions with each other
and their environment, and
may be altered by human
manipulation.
Essential Question:
What can we do to benefit the
health of humans and other
organisms?
Grades K-3
A. Technology expands the
range of human senses.
Level: Compact
B. Humans use devices and
specialized equipment to
ensure safety and to improve
their quality of life (e.g.,
goggles, glasses, hearing aids,
and wheelchairs).
Level: Compact
C. The ability of an organism
to meet its needs for survival
is dependent upon its
environment. Manipulation
of the environment can
positively or negatively affect
the well being of various
organisms that live there.
Level: Important
Grades 4-5
A. The development of safety
devices and protective
equipment has helped in the
prevention of injuries.
Level: Compact
B. Short term and long term
studies are used to determine
the effects of environmental
changes (natural and manmade) on the health of the
organisms within that
environment.
Level: Important
Grades 6-8
A. Technological advances in
medicine and improvements
in hygiene have helped in the
prevention and treatment of
illness.
Level: Important
Grades 9-12
A. Certain chemicals,
pathogens, and high-energy
radiation seriously impair
normal cell functions and the
health of the organism.
Level: Compact
B. The functioning and health
of organisms are influenced
by many factors (i.e.,
heredity, diet, lifestyle,
bacteria, viruses, parasites,
and the environment).
Certain body structures and
systems function to protect
against disease and injury.
Level: Important
B. The scientific
investigation of cellular
chemistry enables the
biotechnology industry to
produce medicines, foods,
and other products for the
benefit of society.
Level: Essential
C. The environment may
contain dangerous levels of
substances in the water and
soil that are harmful to
organisms. Careful
monitoring of these is
important for healthy life
processes.
Level: Compact
C. Many drugs exert their
effects by mimicking or
increasing the production or
destruction of
neurotransmitters.
Level: Compact
D. Biotechnology is a
growing international field of
research and industry. Many
scientists, including those in
Delaware, conduct cuttingedge research in
biotechnology.
Level: Compact