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(…Link for the Latest Statistics on the Moons of Jupiter...) Callisto Callisto is the most heavily cratered object in the Solar System… No Internal or Volcanic Activity, No Erosion… Oldest Surface! (Longest Unchanged, other than Cratering) Ganymede The Varied Terrain of Ganymede… Signs of Tectonic Activity, due to internal dynamics in the Moon! Ganymede… The Largest Moon in the Solar System… (Bigger than Planet Mercury!) The Only “Moon” with a Magnetic Field, because… Internal Layers & Activity, Partially Molten Inside! Ganymede Saline Water Layer, an Electrical Conductor… Generates Ganymede’s Magnetic Fields! Europa Europa’s Shifting Surface… Likely Molten Interior Under the Ice! Europa’s Liquid Water (H2O) ocean under its icy surface may contain more water than all of Earth’s oceans combined! Different Colors… Different Chemical Composition / “Ingredients” Food & Energy from Below: Life at Earth’s Hydrothermal Vents Current Mission Plan by the European Space Agency (ESA): The “JUICE” Satellite (Plan: Launch 2022, Arrival 2030; Ganymede Orbiter, Flybys of Callisto & Europa) Io Unlike our moon Luna, Io cannot synchronize its Rotation to its Orbit to eliminate Tidal Friction! Model of the possible interior composition of Io with an inner iron or iron sulfide core (in gray), an outer silicate crust (in brown), and a partially molten silicate mantle in between (in orange) Prometheus is the site of a volcanic eruption that has been ongoing since at least the Voyager 1 encounter in 1979! Constantly “Re-Paved” by Volcanic Activity, Io has the Youngest Surface in the Solar System! Io, “The Tormented Moon” Io’s Plasma Torus The Galilean Moons… Four completely different “Worlds”!