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AP US History Ms. Grev Diverse Societies – Primary sources Gold Frog Ornaments – Mixtec, Southern Mexico, 15th to 16th century A member of the Mixtec people, who lived within the Aztec empire, made this necklace for an Aztec aristocrat. Mixtec and Aztec peoples associated frogs with rain and fertility, which were important factors for survival in civilizations with large cities and complex societies that depended on stable crop yields of maize and other products. Identify: When historians examine documents or artifacts, they need to identify details that may be relevant to their research. Describe this necklace, taking care to identify details that you think are relevant to events of this era. Analyze: If frogs represented fertility for the Aztecs, why might a highstatus Aztec want to wear these symbolic objects? Evaluate: How did the natural environment contribute to the development of this artifact? Ruins of the Pueblo Town of Cicuique, New Mexico, 16th Century The pueblo of Cicuique, whose ruins are photographed below, housed two thousand residents who grew corn, beans, and squash and traded goods with neighboring towns. The residents lived in an arid climate and practiced a type of farming that required very little water. The town was fortified and contained five hundred warriors who defended the town from the nomadic tribes of the Great Plains. The ruins are located in New Mexico. 1) Identify: Describe the geography of the land around this ruined pueblo. 2) Analyze: In what ways was this town a product of its geography? 3) Evaluate: This structure suggests that the people who built it were settled rather than nomadic. What inferences can you make about their economic patterns based on this evidence? Explain your response. AP US History Ms. Grev Checkpoint: Historical Thinking Read the following background and study the picture below. Then, follow the instructions and answer the questions for 1-3 below. You may use the back of this paper if necessary. For 2 and 3, you must write in complete sentences. Chief Powhatan’s Deerskin Cloak, Virginia, 1608 Chief Powhatan, who ruled the Pamunkey in the present-day Virginia, wore this deerskin cloak for tribal ceremonies. Powhatan’s tribe was part of the Algonquin peoples who inhabited the southeastern region of North America. The objects in this cload are made of shells, which were considered items of value by the Pamunkey people. The circles could represent regions under Powhatan’s control, the animals probably represent deer, and the individual in the center represents Chief Powhatan. 1) Identify: Describe the arrangement of the images and materials in this cloak. 2) Analyze: What do these materials tell us about the native economy and society of the Pamunkey peoples in southeastern North America? 3) Evaluate: How might Powhatan’s placement at the center of this cloak foster conflict with European colonists?