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Chapter 12 – The health of the body depends on the health of its interdependent systems. p.434
1. Cells and the organisms that they make up have the same basic needs. These include:
Cells require nutrients and oxygen and produce wastes which must be removed.
If cells die because they cannot get sufficient nutrient and oxygen, or because they cannot get rid of
wastes, the tissues they make up will be damaged and may also die. Eventually the entire organism could
die because of negative effects to the cells.
Tissues and organ systems provide the mechanisms by which nutrients are obtained and wastes are
removed. The energy for cellular activity originates in the food eaten and digested by the human
organism. Cellular processes create waste material that must be removed by the organism.
2. Briefly outline how the systems below depend on one another.
Systems
Connection
Circulatory and Respiratory
The blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide from the lungs
throughout the body.
Digestion breaks down food into nutrients and the circulatory
system transports nutrients throughout the body
These can keep your temperature stable. The nervous system
stimulates the muscle to contract when the temp. is low. This
shivering causes the body to begin warming up.
Circulatory and Digestive
Nervous and Muscular
More extensive explanations
Circulatory/Respiratory:
We take in oxygen-rich air through our nose, windpipe, and into our lungs (i.e., through the respiratory
system). The inner surface of our lungs contain blood vessels. Oxygen from the air we breathe in is
transferred to the blood and is transported throughout the body, by the circulatory system, to the cells that
need the oxygen. As the blood passes by the cells, it delivers the oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide
(a waste product). The carbon dioxide is then transported to the lungs. At the lungs, the carbon dioxide is
transferred from the blood vessels into the air that we breathe out (exhale).
Digestive/Circulatory:
When we chew and swallow food, it passes to the stomach and then to the small intestine where it is
digested. The walls of the small intestine contain many blood vessels. When it is digested, the food is
broken down into very small particles called nutrients. These nutrients (molecules) pass through the
intestine lining into the blood. Once in the blood, these nutrients are transported to the body cells, where it
is used to provide the cell with the materials and energy to carry out its life processes.
Nervous/Muscular:
Our nervous system picks up signals (stimuli) from both outside and inside our bodies. Depending on the
type of signal, our nervous system may cause our bodies to react in a particular way. Often, the reaction
or change that occurs, involves the muscular system. For example, when it is cold, our nervous system
causes our muscles to contract and relax rapidly. We experience this as shivering. When it is too
hot, the nervous system causes the muscles around the blood vessels in our skin to relax, bringing the
warm blood closer to the surface where it can be cooled by the air (e.g., the skin is flushed)
Careers associated with the health of Body systems include lab and x-ray technicians, physiotherapists,
nutritionists, coaches, doctors, and public health nurses.
Think about the following situations and write a comment on what you think
Imagine life without sports and fitness equipment.
What body systems would be affected?
Muscular- muscles would not be as developed even deteriorate in some cases
Respiratory – not running as much so lungs will not be as strong
Circulatory – heart would not be as strong to pump blood
What would be the consequences?
Health of the individual would deteriorate.
For each system see if you can come up with an idea that you can do to keep that system healthy Try
not to use the same one twice
System
Digestive
One thing that can keep this system healthy
Make healthy food choices
Excretory
Drink water
Muscular
Exercise regularly
Circulatory
Eat proper diet, low in fat,
Respiratory
Avoid inhaling anything other than air or oxygen ie. Cigarette smoke
Nervous
Learn coping skills to stress
After you have these finished discuss lifestyle choices. Include diet choices, smoking, drinking alcohol, or
not exercising and what affect these can have on your body.
Some technologies have been designed to assist damaged organs and/or systems.
For examples the insulin pump that regulates insulin levels in the blood and artificial hearts that pump
blood throughout the body. See STSE activity
.
What are some other examples of technology that assist damaged organs or systems?
Cochlear implants, artificial limbs controlled by electrical impulses from nerves,
artificial heart valves, respirators, dialysis machine, and pace makers are other examples of technology