Download Step Up To: Psychology

Step Up To: Psychology
by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
From Myers,
Psychology 8e
Worth Publishers
Chapter 17: Therapy
What Works?
More Views
Biomedical
What’s on your
mind?
Who will you call?
What’s on your mind?
500
400
300
200
100
More Views
500
400
300
200
100
What Works?
500
400
300
200
100
Biomedical
500
400
300
200
100
Who will you call?
500
400
300
200
100
1. Transference refers to a client’s:
• A) conversion of psychological conflicts
into physical and behavioral disorders.
• B) expression toward a therapist of
feelings linked with earlier life
relationships.
• C) replacement of self-centeredness with
a genuine concern for others.
• D) translation of threatening dream
content into non-threatening manifest
symbols.
2. An important feature of clientcentered therapy is:
• A) interpretation.
• B) systematic
desensitization.
• C) transference.
• D) active listening.
3. In one treatment for bed-wetting, the
child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad
that, when wet, triggers an alarm and
awakens the child. This is a form of:
•
•
•
•
A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) behavior therapy.
D) humanistic therapy.
4. A central therapeutic technique of
psychoanalysis is:
•
•
•
•
A) free association.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) observational learning.
5. Systematic desensitization is based
on the idea that ___ facilitates the
elimination of fear.
•
•
•
•
A) the placebo effect.
B) movement of the eyes.
C) therapeutic touch.
D) relaxation.
6. In programs to treat alcoholism, clients
consume alcohol that contains a nauseaproducing drug. The therapist is using a
technique known as:
• A) operant conditioning.
• B) aversive conditioning.
• C) systematic desensitization.
• D) free association.
7. Empathic understanding of the
patient’s subjective experiences is a
major goal of a:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalyst.
B) biomedical therapist.
C) client-centered therapist.
D) behavior therapist.
8. Which therapeutic approach
emphasizes that people are often
disturbed because of their irrational
interpretations of events?
• A) cognitive therapy
• B) client-centered therapy
• C) virtual reality exposure
therapy
• D) systematic desensitization
9. The approach that has helped autistic
children learn to function successfully in
school involves:
•
•
•
•
A) systematic desensitization.
B) the double-blind technique.
C) operant conditioning.
D) family therapy.
10. In order to help Mr. Everson overcome
his alcoholism, Dr. Schulte wanted to
discover whether the client’s chemical
dependency was somehow encouraged
by his wife’s behavior. Dr. Schulte’s
concern is most likely characteristic of a:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalyst.
B) family therapist.
C) client-centered therapist.
D) cognitive therapist.
11. An eclectic therapist is one
who:
• A) prescribes the use of drugs as part
of psychotherapy.
• B) emphasizes that active listening is
the major technique in all effective
therapies.
• C) prefers to engage in therapy in a
group setting.
• D) uses a variety of psychological
theories and therapeutic approaches.
12. Dylan is a college sophomore who
feels so personally incompetent that he
believes his life is worthless and
hopeless. Dylan would profit the most
from:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalysis.
B) therapeutic touch.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) medication.
13. After performing a meta-analysis
of some 475 psychotherapy
outcome studies, Smith and her
colleagues reported in 1980 that:
• A) evidence overwhelmingly supports the
efficacy of psychotherapy.
• B) psychotherapy is no more effective
than talking to a friend.
• C) psychotherapy harms just as many
people as it helps.
• D) it is impossible to measure the
effectiveness of psychotherapy.
14. Exposure therapy has been
found to be most useful for the
treatment of:
•
•
•
•
A) insomnia.
B) depression.
C) anxiety.
D) alcoholism.
15. The most common ingredient
underlying the success of diverse
psychotherapies is the:
• A) professional training and experience of
the therapist.
• B) temporary escape from real-life
pressures offered by psychotherapy.
• C) length of time the client spends in
psychotherapy.
• D) client’s expectation that
psychotherapy will make things better.
16. Which form of therapy has most
directly contributed to the sharp reduction
in the number of residents in American
mental hospitals?
•
•
•
•
A) psychosurgery
B) cognitive therapy
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) drug therapy
17. One good alternative to
antidepressant drugs is:
•
•
•
•
A) EMDR.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) therapeutic touch.
D) virtual reality exposure
therapy.
18. Prozac is an antidepressant
drug that partially blocks the
reabsorption and removal of:
•
•
•
•
A) serotonin.
B) dopamine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) chlorpromazine.
19. Repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation shows greatest promise
for the treatment of:
•
•
•
•
A) schizophrenia.
B) anxiety.
C) alcoholism.
D) depression.
20. During the 1940’s and 50’s,
lobotomies were most likely to be
performed on psychologically disordered
patients who were:
•
•
•
•
A) uncontrollably violent.
B) hopelessly depressed.
C) obsessively hypochondriacal.
D) irreparably amnesic.
21. Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the
treatment of chronic depression. It is
most likely that Dr. Miller is a:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalyst.
B) psychiatrist.
C) interpersonal therapist.
D) clinical psychologist.
22. Preventive mental health
attempts to reduce the incidence of
psychological disorders by:
• A) enabling more people to see
professional psychotherapists.
• B) encouraging depressed people to take
more personal responsibility.
• C) establishing programs to alleviate
poverty and other demoralizing situations.
• D) emphasizing the importance of using
a wide variety of therapeutic methods.
23. Light exposure therapy was
developed to relieve symptoms of:
•
•
•
•
A) insomnia.
B) anxiety.
C) bulimia.
D) depression.
24. Virtual reality exposure therapy
is most similar to:
•
•
•
•
A) stress inoculation training.
B) aversive conditioning.
C) therapeutic touch.
D) systematic desensitization.
25. Cognitive therapists are most likely to
encourage depressed clients to:
• A) stop blaming themselves for negative
circumstances beyond their control.
• B) sense and express their own real
moment-to-moment feelings of depression.
• C) carefully observe the negative
consequences of their depression.
• D) take more personal responsibility
for their own negative feelings and
actions.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Transference refers to a client’s:
• A) conversion of psychological conflicts
into physical and behavioral disorders.
• B) expression toward a therapist of
feelings linked with earlier life
relationships.
• C) replacement of self-centeredness with
a genuine concern for others.
• D) translation of threatening dream
content into non-threatening manifest
symbols.
687
2. An important feature of clientcentered therapy is:
•
•
•
•
A) interpretation.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) transference.
D) active listening.
689
3. In one treatment for bed-wetting, the
child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad
that, when wet, triggers an alarm and
awakens the child. This is a form of:
•
•
•
•
A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) behavior therapy.
D) humanistic therapy.
690
4. A central therapeutic technique of
psychoanalysis is:
•
•
•
•
A) free association.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) observational learning.
687
5. Systematic desensitization is based
on the idea that ___ facilitates the
elimination of fear.
•
•
•
•
A) the placebo effect.
B) movement of the eyes.
C) therapeutic touch.
D) relaxation.
692
6. In programs to treat alcoholism, clients
consume alcohol that contains a nauseaproducing drug. The therapist is using a
technique known as:
• A) operant conditioning.
• B) aversive conditioning.
• C) systematic desensitization.
• D) free association.
692
7. Empathic understanding of the
patient’s subjective experiences is a
major goal of a:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalyst.
B) biomedical therapist.
C) client-centered therapist.
D) behavior therapist.
689
8. Which therapeutic approach
emphasizes that people are often
disturbed because of their irrational
interpretations of events?
• A) cognitive therapy
• B) client-centered therapy
• C) virtual reality exposure
therapy
• D) systematic desensitization
695
9. The approach that has helped autistic
children learn to function successfully in
school involves:
•
•
•
•
A) systematic desensitization.
B) the double-blind technique.
C) operant conditioning.
D) family therapy.
693
10. In order to help Mr. Everson overcome
his alcoholism, Dr. Schulte wanted to
discover whether the client’s chemical
dependency was somehow encouraged
by his wife’s behavior. Dr. Schulte’s
concern is most likely characteristic of a:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalyst.
B) family therapist.
C) client-centered therapist.
D) cognitive therapist.
697
11. An eclectic therapist is one
who:
• A) prescribes the use of drugs as part
of psychotherapy.
• B) emphasizes that active listening is
the major technique in all effective
therapies.
• C) prefers to engage in therapy in a
group setting.
• D) uses a variety of psychological
theories and therapeutic approaches.
686
12. Dylan is a college sophomore who
feels so personally incompetent that he
believes his life is worthless and
hopeless. Dylan would profit the most
from:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalysis.
B) therapeutic touch.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) medication.
695
13. After performing a meta-analysis
of some 475 psychotherapy
outcome studies, Smith and her
colleagues reported in 1980 that:
• A) evidence overwhelmingly supports the
efficacy of psychotherapy.
• B) psychotherapy is no more effective
than talking to a friend.
• C) psychotherapy harms just as many
people as it helps.
• D) it is impossible to measure the
effectiveness of psychotherapy.
710
14. Exposure therapy has been
found to be most useful for the
treatment of:
•
•
•
•
A) insomnia.
B) depression.
C) anxiety.
D) alcoholism.
691
15. The most common ingredient
underlying the success of diverse
psychotherapies is the:
• A) professional training and experience of
the therapist.
• B) temporary escape from real-life
pressures offered by psychotherapy.
• C) length of time the client spends in
psychotherapy.
• D) client’s expectation that
psychotherapy will make things better.
707
16. Which form of therapy has most
directly contributed to the sharp reduction
in the number of residents in American
mental hospitals?
•
•
•
•
A) psychosurgery
B) cognitive therapy
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) drug therapy
711
17. One good alternative to
antidepressant drugs is:
•
•
•
•
A) EMDR.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) therapeutic touch.
D) virtual reality exposure
therapy.
720
18. Prozac is an antidepressant
drug that partially blocks the
reabsorption and removal of:
•
•
•
•
A) serotonin.
B) dopamine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) chlorpromazine.
713
19. Repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation shows greatest promise
for the treatment of:
•
•
•
•
A) schizophrenia.
B) anxiety.
C) alcoholism.
D) depression.
716
20. During the 1940’s and 50’s,
lobotomies were most likely to be
performed on psychologically disordered
patients who were:
•
•
•
•
A) uncontrollably violent.
B) hopelessly depressed.
C) obsessively hypochondriacal.
D) irreparably amnesic.
717
21. Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the
treatment of chronic depression. It is
most likely that Dr. Miller is a:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalyst.
B) psychiatrist.
C) interpersonal therapist.
D) clinical psychologist.
709
22. Preventive mental health
attempts to reduce the incidence of
psychological disorders by:
• A) enabling more people to see
professional psychotherapists.
• B) encouraging depressed people to take
more personal responsibility.
• C) establishing programs to alleviate
poverty and other demoralizing situations.
• D) emphasizing the importance of using
a wide variety of therapeutic methods.
719
23. Light exposure therapy was
developed to relieve symptoms of:
•
•
•
•
A) insomnia.
B) anxiety.
C) bulimia.
D) depression.
706
24. Virtual reality exposure therapy
is most similar to:
•
•
•
•
A) stress inoculation training.
B) aversive conditioning.
C) therapeutic touch.
D) systematic desensitization.
692
25. Cognitive therapists are most likely to
encourage depressed clients to:
• A) stop blaming themselves for negative
circumstances beyond their control.
• B) sense and express their own real
moment-to-moment feelings of
depression.
• C) carefully observe the negative
consequences of their depression.
• D) take more personal responsibility
for their own negative feelings and
actions.
695
Acknowledgements
• Step Up Created by:
– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology,
Eighth Edition by
• David Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers, 2006
Answers
1.
B
9.
C
17.
B
2.
D
10.
B
18.
A
3.
C
11.
D
19.
D
4.
A
12.
C
20.
A
5.
D
13.
A
21.
B
6.
B
14.
C
22.
C
7.
C
15.
D
23.
D
8.
A
16.
D
24.
D
25.
A