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7M Science • Lungs: • Digestive System: • Circulatory System: We both have 2 lungs used for breathing. We both have a mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, and large intestine. We both have arteries, capillaries, veins, blood, and a heart • Brains: Although we both have brains, ours is more complex. • Skeletons: We both have a skeleton that provides a framework for our bodies, protects our internal organs, and allow us to move. • Muscles and Connective Tissue: We both have these tissues that hold our skeletons together. • Body Configuration: A frog’s heart, lungs, and digestive systems are all found in one single hollow space. Our internal organs are housed in three distinct cavities: chest, abdomen, and pelvis. • Respiratory System: Frogs breathe through their skin. Known as “cutaneous respiration”, this process allows oxygen to pass through the skin and directly into the bloodstream. Frogs also have neither ribs or diaphragms; body parts that help humans breathe. And, their chest muscles are not used for breathing. • Reproductive System: Although both humans and frogs produce eggs, frog eggs are fertilized externally. Also, reproductive organs are housed internally in both males and females. • Skeletal System: Frogs have 1 forearm and 1 lower leg bone, while we have 2. Frogs lack several vertebrae and do not have a pelvis. They also have structures not found in the human skeleton i.e. the urostyle. • Circulatory System: A frog has a 3 chambered heart (2 upper chambers (atria) and only 1 lower chamber) compared to the 4 chambered heart a human has. • Nictitating Membrane: A clear, retractable membrane that protects each eye. • Tympanic Membrane: A circular eardrum located behind each eye. • Eustachian Tube: Tube that connects the middle ear to the mouth, aka the buccal cavity. • Mucous Glands: Located in the skin, these glands secrete mucous to keep the skin moist. • Granular Glands: Glands that secrete sticky, bitter substances to make amphibians unattractive to predators. • Vomerine Teeth: Two rough pads on the roof of the mouth used to hold prey. • Cloaca: A cavity that collects materials from intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. • Glottis: A slit-like opening from the throat to the lungs that plays an important role in breathing. • Gills: Structures that help amphibians breathe while they are tadpoles.